Publications

Evaluation of observed and modelled aerosol lifetimes using radioactive tracers of opportunity and an ensemble of 19 global models.

Kristiansen, N. I.; Stohl, A.; Olivié, D. J. L.; Croft, B.; Søvde, O. A.; Klein, H.; Christoudias, T.; Kunkel, D.; Leadbetter, S. J.; Lee, Y. H.; Zhang, K.; Tsigaridis, K.; Bergman, T.; Evangeliou, N.; Wang, H.; Ma, P.-L.; Easter, R. C.; Rasch, P. J.; Liu, X.; Pitari, G.; Di Genova, G.; Zhao, S. Y.; Balkanski, Y.; Bauer, S. E.; Faluvegi, G. S.; Kokkola, H.; Martin, R. V.; Pierce, J. R.; Schulz, M.; Shindell, D.; Tost, H.; Zhang, H.

Evaluation of satellite derived sulfur dioxide measurements for volcano monitoring during the 2009 Redoubt eruption (Invited).

Lopez, T.M.; Carn, S.A.; Webley, P.; Pfeffer, M.A.; Doukas, M.P.; Kelly, P.J.; Werner, C.A.; Prata, F.; Schneider, D.J.; Cahill, C.F.

Evaluation of Sentinel 3 fire radiative power (FRP) for monitoring of gas flaring at natural gas liquefaction (LNG) plants

Stebel, Kerstin; Schneider, Philipp; Eikland, Kjell

Evaluation of SMOS and ASCAT soil moisture products over Norway using ground-based in situ observations.

Griesfeller, A.; Lahoz, W.A.; Svendby, T.M.; Haugen, L.M.; Wagner, W.; Dorigo, W.; Kerr, Y.; de Jeu, R.A.M.

Evaluation of SMOS and ASCAT soil moisture products over Norway using ground-based in situ observations. NILU F

Griesfeller, A.; Lahoz, W.A.; Svendby, T.M.; Haugen, L.M.; Wagner, W.; Dorigo, W.; Kerr, Y.; de Jeu, R.A.M.

Evaluation of Snow Cover and Depth over the Tibetan Plateau in Global Reanalyses Using In-situ and Satellite Remote Sensing Observations

Orsolini, Yvan; Wegmann, Martin; Dutra, E.; Rosnay, P. de; Balsamo, G.; Liu, B.; Senan, R.; Wang, W.; Yang, K.; Zhu, C.

Evaluation of snow depth and snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau in global reanalyses using in situ and satellite remote sensing observations

Orsolini, Yvan; Wegmann, Martin; Dutra, Emanuel; Liu, Boqi; Balsamo, Gianpaolo; Yang, Kun; Rosnay, Patricia de; Zhu, Congwen; Wang, Wenli; Senan, Retish; Arduini, Gabriele

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) region, often referred to as the Third Pole, is the world's highest plateau and exerts a considerable influence on regional and global climate. The state of the snowpack over the TP is a major research focus due to its great impact on the headwaters of a dozen major Asian rivers. While many studies have attempted to validate atmospheric reanalyses over the TP area in terms of temperature or precipitation, there have been – remarkably – no studies aimed at systematically comparing the snow depth or snow cover in global reanalyses with satellite and in situ data. Yet, snow in reanalyses provides critical surface information for forecast systems from the medium to sub-seasonal timescales.

Here, snow depth and snow cover from four recent global reanalysis products, namely the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses, the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2), are inter-compared over the TP region. The reanalyses are evaluated against a set of 33 in situ station observations, as well as against the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover and a satellite microwave snow depth dataset. The high temporal correlation coefficient (0.78) between the IMS snow cover and the in situ observations provides confidence in the station data despite the relative paucity of in situ measurement sites and the harsh operating conditions.

While several reanalyses show a systematic overestimation of the snow depth or snow cover, the reanalyses that assimilate local in situ observations or IMS snow cover are better capable of representing the shallow, transient snowpack over the TP region. The latter point is clearly demonstrated by examining the family of reanalyses from the ECMWF, of which only the older ERA-Interim assimilated IMS snow cover at high altitudes, while ERA5 did not consider IMS snow cover for high altitudes. We further tested the sensitivity of the ERA5-Land model in offline experiments, assessing the impact of blown snow sublimation, snow cover to snow depth conversion and, more importantly, excessive snowfall. These results suggest that excessive snowfall might be the primary factor for the large overestimation of snow depth and cover in ERA5 reanalysis. Pending a solution for this common model precipitation bias over the Himalayas and the TP, future snow reanalyses that optimally combine the use of satellite snow cover and in situ snow depth observations in the assimilation and analysis cycles have the potential to improve medium-range to sub-seasonal forecasts for water resources applications.

Evaluation of soil moisture products over Norway. NILU F

Griesfeller, A.; Lahoz, W.A.; Svendby, T.M.; Haugen, L.M.; Wagner, W.; Dorigo, W.; Kerr, Y.; de Jeu, R.A.M.; Kristiansnen, J.

Evaluation of sun photometer capabilities for retrievals of aerosol optical depth at high latitudes: The POLAR-AOD intercomparison campaigns.

Mazzola, M.; Stone, R.S.; Herber, A.; Tomasi, C.; Lupi, A.; Vitale, V.; Lanconelli, C.; Toledano, C.; Cachorro, V.E.; O'Neill, N.T.; Shiobara, M.; Aaltonen, V.; Stebel, K.; Zielinski, T.; Petelski, T.; Ortiz de Galisteo, J.P.; Torres, B.; Berjon, A.; Goloub, P.; Li, Z.; Blarel, L.; Abboud, I.; Cuevas, E.; Stock, M.; Schulz, K.H.; Virkkula, A.

Evaluation of the Citi-Sense project pilot studies: Lessons learned from the empowerment initiatives of eight international cities.

Cole-Hunter, T.; Martinez, T.; Moreno, J.; Keune, H.; Hurley, F.; Liu, H.-Y.; Bartonova, A.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.

Evaluation of the indoor environment and perceived IEQ : a case study in Norwegian primary schools

Chaulagain, Aayam; Mathisen, Hans Martin; Alam, Azimil Gani; Bartonova, Alena; Fredriksen, Mirjam; Høiskar, Britt Ann Kåstad; Gustavsen, Kai; Canet, Alfred Mansanet; Fredriksen, Tore; Cao, Guangyu

Evaluation of the Swedish national air monitoring programme "Programområde Luft". NILU report

Tørseth, K.

This report represents an evaluation of the Swedish ¿Programområde Luft¿.