Found 9759 publications. Showing page 273 of 391:
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2017
A particle sampling and monitoring programme has been carried out in Khalifa Port Industrial Zone (KPIZ), between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. At the site in Area A of KPIZ, PM2.5 was sampled on filters during a six month period. The filters were analysed gravimetrically and with respect to fluoride. Selected filters were subject to detailed chemical speciation.
PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to agree well with concentrations observed throughout Abu Dhabi. Also inorganic ion concentrations and concentrations of most elements were similar to the Abu Dhabi average. The total carbon contribution in KPIZ was found to be lower than in the Abu Dhabi average. Fluoride concentrations were below guidance levels defined by WHO throughout the sampling period.
Inorganic ions (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, sodium, chloride , calcium, magnesium, potassium) explained on average 49% of the PM2.5 mass, dominated by sulphate, ammonium and nitrate, which are indicators of secondary inorganic aerosol (long-range transported, anthropogenic origin).
Crustal elements (calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, titanium) were found to be the most abundant elements. The elements analysed accounted for 15% (on average) of the PM2.5 mass. Reconstructing the mass of crustal oxides, approximately 44% of the fine particle mass was estimated to be associated with mineral dust. Toxic heavy metal concentrations were found to be below guideline values.
Total carbon, which consists of elemental carbon, organic carbon and carbonate carbon contributed on average 12% to PM2.5 mass. About 15% of total carbon is carbonate of natural origin. Elemental carbon and organic carbon of likely anthropogenic origin usually account for most total carbon in PM2.5 in KPIZ.
PM in KPIZ has a strong signature of natural sources (mineral dust) and long-range transport of particulate pollutants. A detailed apportionment of sources requires the analysis of more samples.
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Particulate Matter Research and Management in Serbia
Clean air is a basic requirement for human health and well-being. According to [1], air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe, with PM being responsible for majority of the adverse effects. The most commonly used metrics for PM is mass for different PM sizes by aerodynamic diameter: inhalable PM includes PM10 for particles equal or smaller than 10 μm, PM2.5 for those equal or smaller than 2.5 μm, and ultrafine particles for those smaller than 100 nm. The smaller the particles are, the deeper they penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the cardiovascular system, increasing the risks to human health [2]. New ways of characterizing PM, and new understanding of mechanisms of adverse health effects, are emerging.
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