Found 9990 publications. Showing page 46 of 400:
2008
2015
Assessing the environmental burden of disease related to air pollution in Europe in 2022
This report evaluates the health burden due to long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 across Europe in 2022. By analysing all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity, it estimates disease burden using four indicators: Attributable Deaths (AD), Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). However, the main results only consider the impact of exposure to levels of pollutants exceeding the current WHO air quality guidelines. The results indicate that PM2.5 contributes the most significant health impact (linked to six diseases), resulting in over 2.7 million DALY across 40 countries, and resulting in 269 000 AD, with mortality rates peaking in Eastern Europe. The report introduces methodological advancements, assessing the long-term impacts of O3 for the first time. Findings underscore the critical need for targeted air quality interventions, as pollution continues to drive significant health losses across the continent, particularly among vulnerable populations.
ETC/HE
2024
2019
2014
2014
Assessing the impacts of citizen-led policies on emissions, air quality and health
Air pollution is a global challenge, and especially urban areas are particularly affected by acute episodes. Traditional approaches used to mitigate air pollution primarily consider the technical aspects of the problem but not the role of citizen behaviour and day-to-day practices. ClairCity, a Horizon 2020 funded project, created an impact assessment framework considering the role of citizen behaviour to create future scenarios, aiming to improve urban environments and the wellbeing and health of its inhabitants. This framework was applied to six pilot cases: Bristol, Amsterdam, Ljubljana, Sosnowiec, Aveiro Region and Liguria Region, considering three-time horizons: 2025, 2035 and 2050. The scenarios approach includes the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario and a Final Unified Policy Scenarios (FUPS) established by citizens, decision-makers, local planners and stakeholders based on data collected through a citizen and stakeholder co-creation process. Therefore, this paper aims to present the ClairCity outcomes, analysing the quantified impacts of selected measures in terms of emissions, air quality, population exposure, and health. Each case study has established a particular set of measures with different levels of ambition, therefore different levels of success were achieved towards the control and mitigation of their specific air pollution problems. The transport sector was the most addressed by the measures showing substantial improvements for NO2, already with the BAU scenarios, and overall, even better results when applying the citizen-led FUPS scenarios. In some cases, due to a lack of ambition for the residential and commercial sector, the results were not sufficient to fulfil the WHO guidelines. Overall, it was found in all cities that the co-created scenarios would lead to environmental improvements in terms of air quality and citizens’ health compared to the baseline year of 2015. However, in some cases, the health impacts were lower than air quality due to the implementation of the measures not affecting the most densely populated areas. Benefits from the FUPS comparing to the BAU scenario were found to be highest in Amsterdam and Bristol, with further NO2 and PM10 emission reductions around 10%–16% by 2025 and 19%–28% by 2050, compared to BAU.
2021
2010
2015
2024
2015
2015
2018
2012
Assessing, quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons
The natural conservation of coastal lagoons is important not only for their ecological importance, but also because of the valuable ecosystem services they provide for human welfare and wellbeing. Coastal lagoons are shallow semi-enclosed systems that support important habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, salt-marshes and seagrass meadows, as well as a rich biodiversity. Coastal lagoons are also complex social-ecological systems and the ecosystem services that lagoons deliver provide livelihoods, benefits wellbeing and welfare to humans. This study assessed, quantified and valued the ecosystem services of 32 coastal lagoons. The main findings of the study were: (i) the definitions of ecosystem services are still not generally accepted; (ii) the quantification of ecosystem services is made in many different ways, using different units; (iii) the evaluation in monetary terms of some ecosystem service is problematic, often relying on non-monetary evaluation methods; (iv) when ecosystem services are valued in monetary terms, this may represent very different human benefits; and, (v) different aspects of climate change, including increasing temperature (SST), sea-level rise (SLR) and changes in rainfall patterns threaten the valuable ecosystem services of coastal lagoons.
2018
Assessment of "new" contaminants in human blood samples from Taimyr, Russia and Bodø, Norway - a pilot study. Statlig program for forurensningsovervåking. Rapport 930/2005. TA-2103/2005
2005
Assessment of additives used in plastic in seabirds
Liver samples from 10 herring gulls (Larus argentatus) were investigated for a broad range of chemicals used as additives in plastic products. The aim of this study was to clarify if the ingestion of plastic by seabirds would cause additives to leach out and get taken up by the organism, posing a potential harm. After chemical trace analyses of the liver samples, considerable concentrations of S/MCCPs and dechloranes were detected. Of the other additive classes analysed for, only sporadic detections were observed. In general, the results from chemical analysis of additives used in plastic do not indicate a relationship between gastric contents (plastic occurrence in the stomach) and additive concentration in the liver, in respect to the chemical compounds investigated here.
NILU
2019
Assessment of air quality and mitigation analysis. NILU OR
NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research commissioned by the Climate and Pollution Agency (KLIF) made an assessment of air quality and mitigation analysis. There is analyzed data from several cities in Norway, and there are cities of different sizes to get a broad basis for analysis. The analysis is carried through for NOx, NO2, PM10, PM2,5, SO2 and benzene. This work provides a better basis for planning further work on air quality and assessment of threshold values.
2012
2018
2016
2010
2011