Found 9854 publications. Showing page 83 of 395:
We document the ability of the new-generation Oslo chemistry-transport model, Oslo CTM3, to accurately simulate present-day aerosol distributions. The model is then used with the new Community Emission Data System (CEDS) historical emission inventory to provide updated time series of anthropogenic aerosol concentrations and consequent direct radiative forcing (RFari) from 1750 to 2014.
Overall, Oslo CTM3 performs well compared with measurements of surface concentrations and remotely sensed aerosol optical depth. Concentrations are underestimated in Asia, but the higher emissions in CEDS than previous inventories result in improvements compared to observations. The treatment of black carbon (BC) scavenging in Oslo CTM3 gives better agreement with observed vertical BC profiles relative to the predecessor Oslo CTM2. However, Arctic wintertime BC concentrations remain underestimated, and a range of sensitivity tests indicate that better physical understanding of processes associated with atmospheric BC processing is required to simultaneously reproduce both the observed features. Uncertainties in model input data, resolution, and scavenging affect the distribution of all aerosols species, especially at high latitudes and altitudes. However, we find no evidence of consistently better model performance across all observables and regions in the sensitivity tests than in the baseline configuration.
Using CEDS, we estimate a net RFari in 2014 relative to 1750 of −0.17 W m−2, significantly weaker than the IPCC AR5 2011–1750 estimate. Differences are attributable to several factors, including stronger absorption by organic aerosol, updated parameterization of BC absorption, and reduced sulfate cooling. The trend towards a weaker RFari over recent years is more pronounced than in the IPCC AR5, illustrating the importance of capturing recent regional emission changes.
2018
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2019
Establishment of an early warning system (EWS) for the identification of new and existing potentially hazardous substances is a key component of PARC. An EWS includes early warning monitoring toolboxes to identify chemical hazards in a broad range of biotic and abiotic matrices and products with a special focus on aqueous environment that may be associated with an unacceptable health risk. Effect-based monitoring (EBM) and effect-directed analysis (EDA) are identified as key toolboxes for prioritizing chemical hazards in various matrices including water, soil, sediment, sludge, air, dust, aquatic and terrestrial biota, human samples, products like food contact materials, and food. This report gives an overview of i) sampling strategies, ii) sample preparation methods for bioassays and chemical analysis, iii) EBM using bioassays, iv) chemical analytical methods including target, suspect and nontarget screening, v) EDA and iceberg modelling, and vi) future perspectives and needs for an EWS.
Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC)
2023
Concept of air quality e-reporting - experiences of Norway. Guiding document for GIOS. NILU OR
NILU and GIO¿, Poland, are implementing the project ¿Strengthening the air quality assessment system in Poland, based on Norwegian experience¿ as part of the programme ¿Improving Environmental Monitoring and Inspection¿ within the framework of the European Economic Area 2009¿2014.
The European Environment Agency (EEA) has moved towards a new reporting mechanism for reporting and sharing air quality data and information, called e-reporting. This mechanism is based on the Implementing Decision and a shared information system for electronic reporting ¿ aligned with the INSPIRE directive and considering inputs and outputs from the GMES Atmospheric Services.
This report is a technical report that are to be used as a guide by GIOS as input to the Polish implementation of the e-reporting obligations. The report is based on the Norwegian implementation. The report describes how Norway has implemented the new e-reporting schemas, illustrated through data flow figures and XML examples.
2015
NILU and GIO¿, Poland, are implementing the project "Strengthening the air quality assessment system in Poland, based on Norwegian experience" as part of the programme "Improving Environmental Monitoring and Inspection" within the framework of the European Economic Area 2009-2014.
This report give guidelines on how to develop an Environmental Information System with special focus on stakeholders¿ needs.
2014
Conceptual overview of hemispheric or intercontinental transport of ozone and particulate matter. Air pollution studies, 17
2010
Conceptual overview of hemispheric or intercontinental transport processes. Air pollution studies, 16
2008
2016
2024
2002
2002
2005
2005
Consequences of emissions of NOx and NH3 to air from a power heating plant. Fiborgtangen, Skogn. NILU OR
2002
Consequenses of emissions sto air from petroleum related activities in the area Lofoten-Barent Sea. NILU OR
2003
2017
2024
2023
2023