Found 9849 publications. Showing page 160 of 394:
Dispersion calculations of F to ambient air from an ironsilica refining plant at Mo I Rana. NILU OR
Dispersion calculations have been carried out for emissions of F to ambient air from an ironsilica refining plant at Mo I Rana
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Modeling of short chain chlorinated paraffins in the Nordic environment. NILU PP
Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), also called polychlorinated n-alkanes, are mixtures of compounds of molecular formula CxH2x+2-yCly containing 10-13 carbon atoms and usually 30-70 % degree of chlorination. They have a range of industrial applications, and have been detected in numerous environmental compartments. There is concern regarding SCCPs due to their environmental persistence and their potential for bioaccumulation, adverse effects and long-range transport. SCCPs have been included in the UNECE LRTAP Convention, the priority substance list of the European Water Framework Directive, and are under consideration for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. However, the behaviour and fate of SCCPs remain poorly understood, in part as the technical mixtures consist of thousands of isomers, enantiomers and diastereomers, which make analysis and modelling of these compounds very challenging. The purpose of this study was to explore a complementary modelling and monitoring approach to evaluate the overall understanding of the link between emissions of SCCPs, environmental levels and human exposure in the Nordic environment and to identify the more critical knowledge gaps. Data for emissions and physicochemical properties of SCCPs were gathered or estimated, and used to parameterize an integrated, non-steady state environmental fate and bioaccumulation model (CoZMoMan). Specific congeners of SCCPs were selected for the study to assess the extent of expected variation of environmental fate and behaviour within the multitude of compounds. Model results were next compared to reported environmental levels in the Nordic region. For compartments where environmental levels were scarce or lacking, targeted sampling and analysis was carried out to further evaluate the model predictions. Results from this study will be presented and discussed with emphasis on the more critical research needs with respect to the overall fate and exposure of SCCPs.
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Recent studies show that PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) air concentrations remain surprisingly high in parts of Africa and Asia. These are regions where PCBs were never extensively used, but which are implicated as recipients of obsolete products and wastes containing PCBs and other industrial organic contaminants. We hypothesize that there may be different trends in emissions across the globe, whereby emissions of some industrial organic contaminants may be decreasing faster in former use regions (due to emission reductions combined with uncontrolled export), at the expense of regions receiving these substances as obsolete products and wastes. While significant efforts and achievements have been made by the scientific community to understand and predict LRT of such chemicals by air and water, it is cautioned that the global sources and fate of these chemicals still cannot be fully rationalized (nor controlled) without an understanding of emissions due to ¿LRT¿ by products and wastes. However, the potential for detrimental effects on the environment and human health due to LRT by air, water, or wastes should be of equal concern when managing and regulating industrial organic contaminants. This calls for a better integration of life-cycle approaches in the management and regulation of industrial organic contaminants in order to protect environmental and human health on a global scale. Yet, in comparison to LRT by air and water, little remains known about the LRT of industrial organic contaminants as obsolete products and wastes because of the often illicit nature of these operations.
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Transboundary acidification, eutrophication and ground level ozone in Europe in 2009. EMEP status report 1/2011
2011
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes: Annual report 2009. NILU OR
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin and observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2009 and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009.
The monitoring programme is performed by the NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research and funded by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) (now Climate and Pollution Agency) and NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
2011
Contaminants in fish from Etnefjord, Norway. NILU OR
1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is one of the most frequently used brominated flame retardants (BFR) and is considered as an emerging environmental pollutant. Recently, high levels of HBCDD were reported in five different fish species from Etnefjord, which is a branch of the Hardangerfjord at the southwest coast of Norway. This report raised some serious concerns and the Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency (Klif) therefore initiated a survey of HBCDD in cod and flounder from Etnefjorden in order to confirm the findings. In addition to HBCDD, the levels of other environmental pollutants were analyzed in the fish, namely polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), mercury (Mg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). The fish muscle filet and livers were prepared and analyzed using recognized and previously published methods. The levels of HBCDD in the fish were low, representing expected background concentrations. HBCDD was only detected in the cod livers with concentrations ranging 0.3-5.7 ng/g wet weight, corresponding to 1.3-8.2 ng/g on a lipid weight basis. Previously, it was reported a level of 30 000 ng/g lipid weight in cod filet, which is, as far as we know, the highest HBCDD concentration ever reported in cod. Our study could, therefore, not confirm the recent findings that showed high HBCDD concentrations in fish from the Etnefjord area. Also, the levels of the other pollutants were low. For example, the concentrations of DDT, PCB, HCH and Hg can, according to Klifs system for classification of environmental state, be regarded as background levels (class 1, slightly/negligible polluted). In conclusion, there are no recons to believe that cod and flounder in Etnefjorden is exposed to considerable amount of environmental pollutants, neither of HBCDD nor other contaminants. Only further analysis of sediments from the inner site of the fjord can, however, positively reveal a possible HBCDD source.
2011
Baseline study on air and precipitation quality for CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad. NILU OR
NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research has carried out a monitoring campaign around the Mongstad industrial area on behalf of CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) to establish the current levels of air and precipitation quality prior to the start-up of the TCM, as well as using the collected data for a recommended permanent surveillance monitoring network in the area. The levels of NOX, particulate matter, formaldehyd and NH3 was at typical rural background level. Ethylamine, methylamine and dimethylamine was found above detection limits. Nitrosamines, nitramines and isocyanates were not found above detection limits. Two of the locations from the baseline study have been recommended
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