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Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes: Annual report 2009. NILU OR
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin and observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2009 and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009.
The monitoring programme is performed by the NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research and funded by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) (now Climate and Pollution Agency) and NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research.
2011
2011
The atmospheric gas phase photo-oxidation of methylamine (CH3NH2), dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH) and trimethylamine ((CH3)3N) has been studied under pseudo natural conditions at the European Photochemical Reactor, EUPHORE, in Valencia, Spain. Major products in the photo-oxidation were imines (methanimine and N-methyl-methanimine) and amides (formamide, N-methyl formamide and N,N-dimethyl formamide). Total aerosol yields obtained in EUPHORE experiments were between 8 and 14%. Mimicking conditions at Mongstad results in a steady-state nitrosamine concentration of less than 0.6 % of photo-oxidized dimethylamine and less than 1.1 % of photo-oxidized trimethylamine. For rural regions it is predicted that the formation yield of the corresponding nitramine in the atmospheric oxidation of CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N is less than 0.4 %, 2.5 % and 5 %, respectively. The major uncertainties in the current understanding of the fate of amines emitted to the atmosphere are related to night-time chemistry, to the chemistry of imines, and to chemistry in the aqueous aerosol.
2011
The city of Dhaka was chosen for this assessment due to the current ongoing project Bangladesh Air Pollution Management (BAPMAN), which concentrates mostly on the capital city Dhaka. The Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies model (GAINS) was used to performed this top-down assessment due to the models integrated assessment approach of capturing interactions between air pollution control and economic development, as well as its focus on presenting cost effective pollution control strategies. Results from the GAINS model assessment for Dhaka shows that for 2010 the total PM2.5 emissions were 35000 tons/year, and the total PM10 emissions were 45000 tons/year. The top sectors making up the PM emissions included Industry and Residential sectors, where the specific sub-sectors were brick/cement production and residential cooking respectively; the top activities making up the emissions were 'no fuel use' and 'fuelwood direct'. GAINS estimates that the top 3 technical control measures available for PM can eliminate approximately 1/3 of the PM emissions at a cost of .65 MEuro/year. GAINS results also shows that for Dhaka in 2010 the total SO2 emissions were 34000 tons/year, dominated by the Industrial sector, made up of the sub-sectors of new power plants and industrial combustion; top activities contributing to these emissions are hard coal and natural gas. NOX emissions for Dhaka in 2010 were 30000 tons/year, dominated by the Industrial and Transport sectors, made up of the industrial combustion/power plant and light/heavy duty sub-sectors respectively; top activities contributing to these emissions include natural gas, gasoline, and medium distillates. GHG emissions for Dhaka in 2010 exceeded 23 million tons/year, dominated by the Industrial and Agricultural sectors, comprising of the industrial combustion and new power plant sub-sectors; top activities contributing to these emissions include natural gas and hard coal.
2011
2011
A particle sampling and monitoring programme has been carried out in Khalifa Port Industrial Zone (KPIZ), between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. At the site in Area A of KPIZ, PM2.5 was sampled on filters during a six month period. The filters were analysed gravimetrically and with respect to fluoride. Selected filters were subject to detailed chemical speciation.
PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to agree well with concentrations observed throughout Abu Dhabi. Also inorganic ion concentrations and concentrations of most elements were similar to the Abu Dhabi average. The total carbon contribution in KPIZ was found to be lower than in the Abu Dhabi average. Fluoride concentrations were below guidance levels defined by WHO throughout the sampling period.
Inorganic ions (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, sodium, chloride , calcium, magnesium, potassium) explained on average 49% of the PM2.5 mass, dominated by sulphate, ammonium and nitrate, which are indicators of secondary inorganic aerosol (long-range transported, anthropogenic origin).
Crustal elements (calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, titanium) were found to be the most abundant elements. The elements analysed accounted for 15% (on average) of the PM2.5 mass. Reconstructing the mass of crustal oxides, approximately 44% of the fine particle mass was estimated to be associated with mineral dust. Toxic heavy metal concentrations were found to be below guideline values.
Total carbon, which consists of elemental carbon, organic carbon and carbonate carbon contributed on average 12% to PM2.5 mass. About 15% of total carbon is carbonate of natural origin. Elemental carbon and organic carbon of likely anthropogenic origin usually account for most total carbon in PM2.5 in KPIZ.
PM in KPIZ has a strong signature of natural sources (mineral dust) and long-range transport of particulate pollutants. A detailed apportionment of sources requires the analysis of more samples.
2011
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual report 2010. NILU OR
This is an annual report describing the activities and main results of the monitoring programme ¿Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation¿ for 2010.
2010 was a year with generally high ozone values above Norway. A clear decrease in the ozone layer above Norway during the period 1979-1997 stopped after 1998 and the ozone layer above Norway seems now to have stabilized.
2011
2011
2011
The nikkel smelters in NW Russia close to the Norwegian border emits large quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals. These emissions lead to enhanced concentrations of environmental pollutants in the border areas, also at the Norwegian side of the border. This report is part of the national environmental monitoring program and includes air quality monitoring, precipitation chemistry and meteorology.
2011
2011
This report presents the ICP Materials database for the period October 2008-December 2009. It includes environmental data from the ICP Materials trend exposure programme for 2008 - 2009. The database consists of meteorological data, and pollution data as gasses and in precipitation. Also reported are HNO3 and amount and composition in particle deposition in soiling.
2011
2011
Volatile and persistent emissions from traffic and power production on Svalbard. VETAPOS. NILU OR
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) including Benzene-Toluene-Xylene (BTX) related compounds were monitored in ambient air samples during Spring (April-Mai) and Autumn (October) 2010 as a follow-up of an earlier BTX ambient air monitoring program in 2007 (Reimann et al 2007) at the Research park in Longyearbyen (Forskningsparken). In addition, BTX related compounds were measured in 18 ¿headspace¿ samples above collected surface soil along snowmobile tracks in Longyeardalen, Adventdalen, Todalen as well as Sassendalen (Fredheim). In addition, during the 2010 VETAPOS in a parallel surface soil sampling campaign 18 samples were analysed for 15 priority PAH compounds.
2011
NILU has carried out a monitoring program regarding meteorology and air quality in Sauda during the periode 01.04.-30.09.2010. Filters have been investigated regarding several metallic compounds.
2011
Tunnels along E134, Kongsberg. Evaluating air quality around openings of tunnels. NILU OR
Dispersion calculations regarding the tunnel connections along E134, Kongsberg. Maximum concentrations and dispersion distances have been calculated.
2011
Air quality Ny-Ålesund. Monitoring of local air quality 2008-2010. Measurement results. NILU OR
A selected number of air pollutants has been monitored in Ny-Ålesund to map the local emissions of air pollutants and to map the air quality of the area.
2011
NILU has monitored particulate matter around Aquarock stone crushing facility at Sandnessjøen during the period 28.06.2010 - 07.02.2011. The monitoring results show exceedance of guidelines regarding dust fall 600 m northwest of the activity.
2011
Alternative approaches to standard toxicity testing, TQP ID 9 - 257430120 - NILU. NILU OR
An amine based CO2 capture plant may cause harmful emissions to the atmosphere. Amines and degradation products from reactions in the process and in the atmosphere are of particular concern, but there is limited knowledge about the behaviour and potential effects of these chemical compounds. The substances produced can pose a risk to the environment and human health. This report includes a review of Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) including (Q)SAR and a data gap analysis on current knowledge level on nitrosamines and nitramines in relation to the information demands for the risk assessment within REACH.
2011
Section 6.1 of the contract (BGD-3125 BGD-091066) between NORAD and NILU regarding Institutional Cooperation with the Bangladesh Ministry of Environment and Forest/Department of Environment (DOE) states that a progress report should be submitted semi-annually to NORAD. This report highlights the status of the project for the first six months of the project, August 2010 -January 2011. The project can be considered in good standing, with no major issues or deviations to report.
2011
Section 6.1 of the contract (BGD-3125 BGD-091066) between NORAD and NILU regarding Institutional Cooperation with the Bangladesh Ministry of Environment and Forest/Department of Environment (DOE) states that a progress report should be submitted semi-annually to NORAD. This report highlights the status of the project for the first six months of the project, August 2010 -January 2011. The project can be considered in good standing, with no major issues or deviations to report.
2011
SK-1531 Dispersion calculations and HSE evaluation. NILU OR
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) has performed dispersion calculations of emissions to air from stack SK-1531 at Mongstad refinery. Dispersion of NH3, HCN, CO, CO2, NO2, SO2 and benzene is calculated and analyzed. NILU has also evaluated the calculated concentrations from a HSE point of view, including life time/degradation of the components. The calculated concentrations have been added to existing background concentrations at Mongstad and the calculated total concentrations have been compared to air quality guidelines and threshold values. None of the components investigated here exceed the threshold values. Emissions from SK-1531 is then considered not to represent a problem for the air quality at Mongstad
2011