Found 9853 publications. Showing page 210 of 395:
2014
Contaminants in Greenlandic food and chiral pesticides as indicators for selective uptake processes.
2014
Closing the gaps in our knowledge of the hydrological cycle over land: Conceptual problems. Space sciences series of ISSI, 46
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VOC measurements by PTR-ToF-MS at the Birkenes Observatory. A summary report. NILU OR
A high resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF- MS) was used for on-line and real-time measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the Birkenes Observatory in Southern Norway. Measurements were carried out during late spring and summer 2012 and in January and early February 2013. Here we present the obtained PTR-MS standard data product which includes volume mixing ratios of methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, dimethyl sulphide, isoprene, methacrolein plus methylvinylketone, methylethylketone, benzene, toluene, C8-alkylbenzenes, C9-alkylbenzenes and the sum of the monoterpene isomers. Exploratory data of formic acid, acetic acid, pinonaldehyde and three unidentified signals (m/z 87.080, m/z 89.060 and m/z 101.098) are also shown. PTR-ToF-MS mass spectra were dominated by oxygenated VOCs both in summer and in winter. Pure hydrocarbons were mostly aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, C8-alkylbenzenes) in winter and biogenic hydrocarbons (monoterpenes and isoprene) in summer. The summertime data confirm that the Birkenes Observatory is an interesting site in the boreo-nemoral vegetation zone where it is possible to observe both monoterpene and isoprene emissions and their photochemical processing in the atmosphere.
2014
Statoil assigned NILU ¿ Norwegian Institute for Air Research to carry out a programme on "Environmental monitoring of emissions to air from the Snøhvit LNG facility". The project started on 1 February 2006. This report summarises the results of the measurement programme from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013. It involves the measurement of meteorological parameters on Melkøya and Fuglenesodden. Air quality parameters were measured at Fuglenesodden. Precipitation samples taken at Forsøl and Kargeneset were analysed for PAHs, inorganic ions, heavy metals and mercury. The current air quality standards are met for all compounds.
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Bridge to Copernicus. Final project report. NILU OR
NILU has a mandate to monitor air quality and particularly its changes over time, both nationally through Miljødirektoratet (MD) and internationally through the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Satellite data related to atmospheric composition are increasingly used for monitoring as they provide long time series of spatially continuous observations. It is therefore essential for NILU to begin preparing for the upcoming Copernicus missions. Here, we evaluate methane products from AIRS, TES, TANSO-FTS and SCIAMACHY as added value for GHG monitoring in Norway and Svalbard. As expected, due to the low sensitivity of the sensors to ground-level Artic large deviations are seen when comparing to in situ data from Birkenes and Ny-Ålesund. Higher level products (L4), combining satellite and ground-based information, seem more appropriate for future reporting purposes. Further, we investigated the usability of the current set of long-term operational ground-based MAX-DOAS stations worldwide for inter-comparing their NO2 observations to those of satellite-based instruments, in particular OMI and GOME-2A. The two data sources agree very well for sites located in rural, non-polluted regions. For sites located in polluted areas we found strong systematic biases, large random errors, or slightly shifting systematic biases. The systematic biases can be explained primarily by the strong spatial gradients in NO2 levels in urban areas in conjunction with the large differences in the spatial representativity of the measurements. We evaluated the possibility to use the now relatively long time series of MAX-DOAS observations to fit a statistical trend model and to directly compare the resulting trends to those obtained for the satellite-based time series for the same area and time period. It was found that the sites with approximately 50 months of valid data for both data sources showed quite similar long-term trends and that sites with fewer than 30 months of valid data exhibited significant discrepancies in the resulting trends.
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Johan Castberg oil field - Assessment of emissions to air. NILU OR
The environmental impact of future emissions from activities at the Johan Castberg oil field has been investigated. Concerning emissions of CO2, CH4 og NMVOC the total emissions rank Johan Castberg as a medium size field in Norway. For NOx and SOx, the environmental impact from deposition is considered to be small. Concerning formation of ozone from NOx emissions the model estimates give an increase of N120 (number of days with 8-hrs running mean value higher than 120 µg/m3 ), up from 10 to 11. Emissions of Black Carbon is also estimated, and the climate impact is considered to be small.
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