Found 10000 publications. Showing page 214 of 400:
Background concentrations in Norway: Towards automated annual updates. NILU OR
A semi-automated technique was developed for performing annual updates of the dataset on background concentrations in Norway which was produced in previous years. The code is written in the Matlab programming language and large parts of the code base are included in the Appendix of this report.
The spatial component of the system was updated to include data from 2009 through 2011. Acquiring and preparing the input data for the spatial component still requires a relatively small amount of manual effort, however the majority of the remaining process has been automated to the largest extent possible, such that only the derivation of the emivariograms for the residual kriging step requires very brief interaction by an expert user.
The temporal component has been updated to version 8 of the European air quality database (AirBase), now including several additional years up to and including 2013. Entirely new anomaly matrices have been calculated from the updated data for all background stations in Norway.
Assuming that the availability and the format of the required input data remains unchanged, future annual updates of the system can be carried out within a very short time frame on the order of around 1-2 days.
2014
Bridge to Copernicus. Final project report. NILU OR
NILU has a mandate to monitor air quality and particularly its changes over time, both nationally through Miljødirektoratet (MD) and internationally through the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Satellite data related to atmospheric composition are increasingly used for monitoring as they provide long time series of spatially continuous observations. It is therefore essential for NILU to begin preparing for the upcoming Copernicus missions. Here, we evaluate methane products from AIRS, TES, TANSO-FTS and SCIAMACHY as added value for GHG monitoring in Norway and Svalbard. As expected, due to the low sensitivity of the sensors to ground-level Artic large deviations are seen when comparing to in situ data from Birkenes and Ny-Ålesund. Higher level products (L4), combining satellite and ground-based information, seem more appropriate for future reporting purposes. Further, we investigated the usability of the current set of long-term operational ground-based MAX-DOAS stations worldwide for inter-comparing their NO2 observations to those of satellite-based instruments, in particular OMI and GOME-2A. The two data sources agree very well for sites located in rural, non-polluted regions. For sites located in polluted areas we found strong systematic biases, large random errors, or slightly shifting systematic biases. The systematic biases can be explained primarily by the strong spatial gradients in NO2 levels in urban areas in conjunction with the large differences in the spatial representativity of the measurements. We evaluated the possibility to use the now relatively long time series of MAX-DOAS observations to fit a statistical trend model and to directly compare the resulting trends to those obtained for the satellite-based time series for the same area and time period. It was found that the sites with approximately 50 months of valid data for both data sources showed quite similar long-term trends and that sites with fewer than 30 months of valid data exhibited significant discrepancies in the resulting trends.
2014
This report presents an evaluation of the ambient air pollution concentrations in Norwegian cities and agglomerations in the last 5 years up to 2014. It includes an evaluation criteria to support a possible revision of air pollution zones and presents a detailed evaluation of the existing monitoring network for air quality with respect to different pollution zone distributions. Recommendations for updates in the existing monitoring network to comply with current air quality legislation are provided in the report.
2014
Dispersion calculations of NO2 emissions from a heating plant at Ranheim. NILU OR
Dispersion calculations have been carried out for emissions from a heating plant at Ranheim. Contribution to NO2- and SO2-concentrations from the facility will be acceptable with recommended stack dimensions.
2014
Kimek Kirkenes - monitoring of dust Dec. 2013 - May 2014. NILU OR
NILU has conducted a monitoring program at the Kimek industrial site in Kirkenes from Dec. 2013 ¿ May 2014 in order to quantify dust. The results show high concentrations in 4 months out of 6. Maximum value was 23,00 g dust/(m2 30 days), at station 2 in February. There were high values observed also in periods with no sandblasting of ships, e.g. 18,94 g/(m2 30 days) at station 2 in January. This indicates that there are other significant sources of dust in the area. The values at the neighbours close to Kimek are probably lower than the threshold value stated in the Norwegian legislation (5 g dust/(m2 30 days), due to the fact that they are located on the other side of the tall Kimek shipyard building and not downstream in the prevailing wind direction.
2014
Area emissions for Oslo. NILU OR
Area source emissions used in dispersion calculations for Oslo have been changed based on available information and trends. As a results the emission data contain more source categories and the total emissions have increased.
2014
NILU has on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency determined the concentration of ionic perfluorinated substances (PFASs), including PFOA, in outdoor clothing. Of the investigated 12 items, no PFAS could be detected at all in only 2 of them (sample 8 and 12). Four samples contained PFOA exceeding the limit of 1 µg/m2. The quality assurance where three replicates of one sample were extracted had a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10% for all detected substances except one (PFTrDA). Other quality measures such as recovery calculations and blanks shows that the method used for extraction is suitable for these types of matrices and substances. PFOS was not present in the items investigated, indicating that the textile industry manages to effectively avoid PFOS in their production processes.
2014
Emissions, dispersion and deposition of SO2 from Nikel and Zapolyarny. A WRD-Chem model study. NILU OR
The WRF-Chem model has been applied to study two specific episodes of pollution from the Nikel and Zapolyarny facilities, the summer episode 2007 and winter 2010/11. Meteorological input data from WRF compare well with data from ECMWF. The model underestimates concentrations of SO2 in specific episodes, a possible explanation for this is that the flue gas plume is levelled out in the model, in addition little is known about the emissions. A budget for the different processes show that chemical loss and wet deposition are most important in summer time, while wet and dry deposition are most important in winter time. WRF-Chem is computational demanding and most suited to study processes and specific episodes.
2014
Ambient air pollution screening study in Dhaka and Chittagong. 16 February - 01 March 2013. NILU OR
As a part of the Bangladesh Air Pollution Studies (BAPS) project, a screening study of air pollution was performed in Dhaka and Chittagong with assistance from local university partners. The screening study work fell under Task 1 (Emissions Inventory) of the BAPS project.
The screening study was performed in Dhaka from 16 February - 26 February 2013, and Chittagong from 20 February - 01 March 2013. The main objective of the study was to gain an overview of the background concentrations and the spatial distribution of the air pollution in the Dhaka city and Chittagong city areas. This study is also following up on a similar study performed in Dhaka in February 2011. The screening study focused on the following gaseous components in Dhaka and Chittagong: Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3). In addition, samples for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were collected in Chittagong in connection with the study, which will be reported separately in fall 2013 under a different project.
2014
Measurement of air quality and evaluation of risk for damage to objects in three buildings belonging to the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, were performed in the years 2010-13 as part of two EU projects: ¿TeACH¿ (Grant agreement no. 212458) (2008-2011) and ¿MEMORI¿ (Grant agreement no. 265132). The measuements were perforemed with different kinds of dust and particle collectors and with dosimetry measuring damage on sensitive materials.
2014
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in air and precipitation, annual report 2013. NILU OR
This report presents results from 2013 for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals from the rural air- and precipitation chemistry monitoring network in Norway. These results are compared to previous years.
2014
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual report 2013. NILU OR
This is an annual report describing the activities and main results of the monitoring programme "Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation" for 2013. In 2013 the ozone values above Norway were close to the long-term mean at all sites. A clear decrease in the ozone layer above Norway during the period 1979-1997 stopped after 1998 and the ozone layer above Norway now seems to have stabilized.
2014
Activity segment 4. BAPMAN project deliverable D4.2, D4.3 and D4.4. NILU OR
The Bangladesh Air Pollution Management (BAPMAN) project is NORAD funded institutional-building program (2010-2013) where NILU lends the necessary Air Quality Management tools and associated training to the Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) program at the Bangladesh Department of Environment (DoE). This report (as Deliverable 4.2, 4.2 and 4.4 for Task 4 of the BAPMAN Project) presents a survey of possible health impacts from air pollution (PM10) in Dhaka city, as well as scenarios and strategies for mitigating these impacts.
2014
Model inter-comparison for ash dispersion for better understanding of uncertainties. NILU OR
The 3 transport models EEMEP, SNAP and FLEXPART have simulated ash dispersion and deposition from the Eyjafjalljökull eruption in 2010. All models have been run with identical source term, and the model results have been compared in detail against each other and against observations. This provides a better understanding of the models' ability to simulate ash dispersion, and of the differences between model results that often occur, especially during an ash situation in real time.
2014
Measurement techniques used for characterization of volcanic ash clouds have been evaluated specifically with regard to applicability and limitations. This report summarizes how future infrastructure investments in Norway will be able to provide additional information about volcanic ash clouds that can be used to inform operational aviation authorities. Three main recommendations are given.
2014
New E39 Gartnerløkka - Breimyrkrysset. NILU OR
Impact of suspended particles and nitrigene oxides have been assesed for an upgarding of E39 (main road) west of Kristiansand. Extention of Red and Yellow Air Quality zones along the road have been calculated through emission and dispersion modelling. The Yellow Zone extend approximately 40 m out from the road centerline.
2014
NILU and GIOS, Poland, are implementing the project "Strengthening the air quality assessment system in Poland, based on Norwegian experience" as part of the programme "Improving Environmental Monitoring and Inspection" within the framework of the European Economic Area 2009-2014. This report provides method and tools for the spatial analysis of concentrations of air pollutants in the frame of the assessment of air quality under in Poland, in support of the implementation of European Air Quality legislation.
2014
NILU and GIO¿, Poland, are implementing the project "Strengthening the air quality assessment system in Poland, based on Norwegian experience" as part of the programme "Improving Environmental Monitoring and Inspection" within the framework of the European Economic Area 2009-2014.
This report give guidelines on how to develop an Environmental Information System with special focus on stakeholders¿ needs.
2014
Dispersion calculations regarding emissions from tunnel outlet at Kverve, Ellingsøy. NILU OR
Dispersion calculations for tunnel mouth Ellingsøy Tunnel Kverve. It's estimated maximum concentrations of PM10 and NOx in the tunnels under unfavorable traffic conditions (congestion afternoon). Concentration reduction as a function of distance from the tunnel entrances are shown in Table, and the concentrations are compared with national goals and air quality limits.
2014
Environmental pollutants in the terrestrial and urban environment. NILU OR
On behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research in collaboration with NINA ¿ Norwegian Institute for Nature Research analysed biological samples from terrestrial urban regions for various inorganic and organic contaminants. Stable isotope analysis for nitrogen and carbon was carried out by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE). Sample collection was carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) and others. The purpose of this report is to provide an updated assessment of pollution present within the terrestrial urban environment in Norway. In the case of earthworms, urban sites were compared with reference sites.
Eggs of the terrestrial bird species golden eagle and pied flycatcher as well as liver from urban brown rats and urban and rural earthworms were investigated in this study.
2014
2014
Air pollution concentrations were estimated the dispersion models as well as the emissions inventories compiled in AirQUIS for Dhaka and Chittagong. Meteorological data were generated from TAPM. Concentration plots for PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 and NO2 were presented for both cities. A scenario for 2020 was developed based on a combination of projected mitigation measures and sector growth based on GDP and population growth rates. In addition, health impacts were assessed based on methodologies from previous studies performed in Asia.
Results show that in general the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration distributions are closely linked to the emissions from brick kilns in the Dhaka area, while in Chittagong the impacts are more spread between the urban sources, brick, and industry and traffic sources. Results also show that PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeds annual limit values, and that the dry season is most critical when it comes to high concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5.
2014
2014