Found 10483 publications. Showing page 236 of 420:
This study presents results from an Intensive Measurement Period (IMP2022) conducted during the European heatwave of July 2022, focusing on ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonaceous aerosols at 31 sites across Europe. The episode featured persistent high-pressure systems, record-breaking temperatures, widespread ozone exceedances and concurrent atmospheric new particle formation and growth events. Coordinated measurements and chemistry transport modelling were used to examine the spatial variability of ozone, VOC composition, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation under extreme meteorological conditions. Oxygenated VOCs (O-VOCs) constituted the largest fraction of total measured VOC mixing ratios, followed by non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and aromatics, with contributions from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Sensitivity simulations indicate that ozone formation was predominantly NOx-limited across most regions during IMP2022. However, the highest ozone peaks occurred under conditions of elevated NOx in combination with enhanced BVOC emissions. In contrast, SOA formation was slightly enhanced under low-NOx conditions and reduced in elevated NOx. Isoprene, aliphatic NMHCs, and O-VOCs dominated the ozone formation potential, while aromatics and monoterpenes were major contributors to SOA potential. Model simulations indicated that higher NOx concentrations can reduce SOA formation by about 10 %. The campaign also highlighted observational gaps underscoring the need for broader and higher-resolution VOC monitoring across Europe. Overall, further reductions in NOx emissions, alongside targeted control of key anthropogenic VOCs, would benefit air quality under future climate extremes.
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Measurements of air quality and corrosion risk at the Railway Museum in Warsaw. NILU OR
Measurements of the concentration of SO2, of aerosol concentration in air and of the composition and mass of water soluble cations and anions were performed during four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, at two locations of the Railway Museum in Warsaw: Central Warsaw and Sochazew, which is located 50 km west of Warsaw. The time of wetness was calculated from precipitation data available from the Warsaw Targowek meteorological station. The measurements indicated a low to medium corrosivity for the atmospheres, which is typical for northern European inland environments with low chloride concentrations and relatively low SO2 concentration. The measurements indicated that sulphur dioxide SO2 was the main pollutant which gave increased corrosion at the sites, especially in Sochaczew, and that the presence of chloride, Cl-, and sulphate, SO42-, in the aerosol at significant levels contributed to the corrosion. Higher levels of Cl-, SO42- and H+ were measured in Sochaczew than in central Warsaw. The ISO 9223 corrosion category for SO2 and Cl- was 0 in central Warsaw and 1 in Sochaczew, indicating a significant contribution to the corrosion from anthropogenic sources in Sochaczew. The values for SO2 are slightly higher, but the PM10 values are lower, than tolerable levels for immovable (i.e. outdoor) cultural heritage given in a European wide assessment performed for CAFÉ (EU programme: Clean Air For Europe). The main factor that increases the corrosion to a higher ISO category (2-3) at the locations is the relatively humid climate. A further reduction of air pollutants should further reduce the corrosion, but the largest potential protection effect would be from measures to shelter the objects form rain and reduce the humidity in the air around the objects, e.g. by moving vulnerable smaller objects or particularly valuable objects to the indoor or applying other options for sheltering.
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Measurements of dust and ammonia around Aluscan NILU OR
Monthly values of dustfall is measured at three places around Aluscan and daily values of TSP (PM10 and PM2.5) at two places in 2001-2002. In addition weekly values of NH3 is measured at three places in i 2002.
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