Publications

The health state of the Norwegian forests. Results from the national forest damage monitoring 2013. Rapport fra Skog og landskap, 13/14

Timmermann, V.; Andreassen K.; Clarke N. Nordbakken J.F.; Røsberg I.; Solheim H.; Aas W.

The HENVINET networking portal - communicating E&H issues. Results of a survey among E&H experts. NILU OR, 80/2010

van den Hazel, P.; Grossberndt, S.

The high persistence of PFAS is sufficient for their management as a chemical class

Cousins, Ian T.; Dewitt, Jamie C.; Glüge, Juliane; Goldenman, Gretta; Herzke, Dorte; Lohmann, Rainer; Ng, Carla A.; Scheringer, Martin; Wang, Zhanyun

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic organic substances with diverse structures, properties, uses, bioaccumulation potentials and toxicities. Despite this high diversity, all PFAS are alike in that they contain perfluoroalkyl moieties that are extremely resistant to environmental and metabolic degradation. The vast majority of PFAS are therefore either non-degradable or transform ultimately into stable terminal transformation products (which are still PFAS). Under the European chemicals regulation this classifies PFAS as very persistent substances (vP). We argue that this high persistence is sufficient concern for their management as a chemical class, and for all “non-essential” uses of PFAS to be phased out. The continual release of highly persistent PFAS will result in increasing concentrations and increasing probabilities of the occurrence of known and unknown effects. Once adverse effects are identified, the exposure and associated effects will not be easily reversible. Reversing PFAS contamination will be technically challenging, energy intensive, and costly for society, as is evident in the efforts to remove PFAS from contaminated land and drinking water sources.

The humidity dependence of ozone deposition onto a variety of building surfaces.

Grøntoft, T.; Henriksen, J. F.; Seip, H. M.

The impact of a nickel-copper smelter on concentrations of toxic elements in local wild food from the Norwegian, Finnish, and Russian border regions.

Hansen, M. D.; Nøst, T. H.; Heimstad, E. S.; Evenset, A.; Dudarev, A. A.; Rautio, A.; Myllynen, P.; Dushkina, E. V.; Jagodic, M.; Christensen, G. N.; Anda, E. E.; Brustad, M.; Sandanger, T. M.

The impact of climate sensitive factors on the exposure to organohalogenated contaminants in an aquatic bird exploiting both marine and freshwater habitats

Bustnes, Jan Ove; Bårdsen, Bård-Jørgen; Herzke, Dorte; Bangjord, Georg; Bollinger, Eric; Bourgeon, Sophie; Schulz, Ralf; Fritsch, Clémentine; Eulaers, Igor

To assess how climate-sensitive factors may affect the exposure to organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), we monitored concentrations in eggs of the common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) over two decades (1999–2019) in central Norway. The goldeneye alternates between marine and freshwater habitats and is sensitive to climate variation, especially due to alterations in ice conditions which may affect feeding conditions. We assessed how biological factors such as diet (stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N), the onset of egg laying, and physical characteristics such as winter climate (North Atlantic Oscillation: NAOw) influenced exposure. We predicted compounds to show different temporal trends depending on whether they were still in production (i.e. some PFASs) or have been banned (i.e. legacy OCs and some PFASs). Therefore, we controlled for potential temporal trends in all analyses. There were declining trends for α- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p.p′-DDT) and less persistent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (e.g. PCB101). In contrast, the dominant compounds, such as p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) and persistent PCB congeners, were stable, whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) increased over time. Most OCs were positively related to δ15N, suggesting higher exposure in birds feeding at upper trophic levels. Chlordanes and HCB were positively associated with δ13C, indicating traces of marine input for these compounds, whereas the relationships to most PCBs were negative. Among PFASs, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) declined. Most PFASs were positively associated with δ13C, whereas there were no associations with δ15N. Egg laying date was positively associated to perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), suggesting that some of the PFAS load originated from the wintering locations. Although NAOw had little impact on the exposure to organohalogenated contaminants, factors sensitive to climate change, especially diet, were associated with the exposure to OHCs in goldeneyes.

The impact of Eastern U.S. megapolis emissions on carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations over Europe.

Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Cassiani, M.; Scheel, H.-E.; Cammas, J.-P.

The Impact of Energetic Particle Precipitation into the Atmosphere

Orsolini, Yvan J.

The impact of greenhouse gases and halogenated species on future solar UV radiation doses.

Taalas, P.; Kaurola, J.; Kylling, A.; Shindell, D.; Sausen, R.; Dameris, M.; Grewe, V.; Herman, J.

The impact of North American emission on carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations over Europe. NILU PP

Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Cassiani, M.; Cammas, J.-P.

The impact of organic acids on varnishes in museum environments.

Bonaduce, I.; Colombini, M.P.; Di Girolamo, F.; Orsini, S.; Odlyha, M.; Rutkowska, S.; Scharff, M., Grøntoft, T.

The impact of residential combustion emission on Arctic aerosol concentrations.

Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Olivie, D.J.L.; Grini, A.

The impact of the epoxy thin-film layer for microwave-based gas sensors working at high relative humidity levels

Grochala, Dominik; Paleczek, Anna; Kocoñ, Mateusz; Dudzik, Maciej; Blajszczak, Lukasz; Staszek, Kamil; Wojcikowski, Marek; Cao, Tuan-Vu; Rydosz, Artur