Publications

The solar UV radiation level needed for cutaneous production of vitamin D3 in the face. A study conducted among subjects living at a high latitude (68° N).

Edvardsen, K.; Brustad, M.; Engelsen, O.; Aksnes, L.

The Snow-GLACE experiment.

Orsolini, Y.

The significance of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for sea-salt episodes and acidification-related effects in Norwegian rivers.

Hindar, A.; Tørseth, K.; Henriksen, A.; Orsolini, Y.

The seventeenth intercomparison of analytical methods within EMEP. EMEP/CCC

Hanssen, J.E.; Skjelmoen, J.E.

The search for alternative aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) with a low environmental impact: physiological and transcriptomic effects of two Forafac® fluorosurfactants in turbot.

Hagenaars, A.; Meyer, I.J.; Herzke, D.; Pardo, B.G.; Martinez, P.; Pabon, M.; De Coen, W.; Knapen, D.

The SCCS scientific advice on the safety of nanomaterials in cosmetics

Bernauer, Ulrike; Bodin, Laurent; Chaudhry, Qasim; Coenraads, Pieter Jan; Dusinska, Maria; Gaffet, Eric; Panteri, Eirini; Rogiers, Vera; Rousselle, Christophe; Stepnik, Maciej; Vanhaecke, Tamara; Wijnhoven, Susan; Goetz, Natalie von; Jong, Wim H. de

The SCCS guidance on the safety assessment of nanomaterials in cosmetics

Bernauer, Ulrike; Bodin, Laurent; Chaudhry, Qasim; Coenraads, Pieter Jan; Dusinska, Maria; Gaffet, Eric; Panteri, Eirini; Rogiers, Vera; Rousselle, Christophe; Stepnik, Maciej; Vanhaecke, Tamara; Wijnhoven, Susan; Goetz, Natalie von; Jong, Wim H. de; Simonnard, Alain

The safety of nanoparticles used in medical application. Development of alternative testing strategies for toxicity testing.

Dusinska, M.; NanoTEST consortium.

The roles of planetary and gravity waves during a major stratospheric sudden warming as characterized in WACCM.

Limpasuvan, v.; Richter, J.H.; Orsolini, Y.J.; Stordal, F.; Kvissel, O.-K.

The roles of gravity and planetary waves in a major stratospheric sudden warming characterised by an elevated stratopause. NILU F

Orsolini, Y.J.; Limpasuvan, V.; Kvissel, O.-K.; Stordal, F.; Richter, J.H.

The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023

Feng, Liang; Palmer, Paul I.; Smallman, Luke; Xiao, Jingfeng; Cristofanelli, Paolo; Hermansen, Ove; Lee, John; Labuschagne, Casper; Montaguti, Simonetta; Noe, Steffen M.; Platt, Stephen Matthew; Ren, Xinrong; Steinbacher, Martin; Xueref-Remy, Irène

Abstract. The global annual mean atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023 was one of the highest since records began in 1958, comparable to values recorded during previous major El Niño events. We do not fully understand this anomalous growth rate, although a recent study highlighted the role of boreal North American forest fires. We use a Bayesian inverse method to interpret global-scale atmospheric CO2 data from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2). The resulting a posteriori CO2 flux estimates reveal that from 2022 to 2023, the biggest changes in CO2 fluxes of net biosphere exchange (NBE) – for which positive values denote a flux to the atmosphere – were over the land tropics. We find that the largest NBE increase is over eastern Brazil, with small increases over southern Africa and Southeast Asia. We also find significant increases over southeastern Australia, Alaska, and western Russia. A large NBE increase over boreal North America, due to fires, is driven by our a priori inventory, informed by independent data. The largest NBE reductions are over western Europe, the USA, and central Canada. Our NBE estimates are consistent with gross primary production estimates inferred from satellite observations of solar-induced fluorescence and from satellite observations of vegetation greenness. We find that warmer temperatures in 2023 explain most of the NBE change over eastern Brazil, with hydrological changes more important elsewhere across the tropics. Our results suggest that the ongoing environmental degradation of the Amazon is now playing a substantial role in increasing the global atmospheric CO2 growth rate.

The role of SVOCs in the initial film formation and soiling of unvarnished paintings

Grøntoft, Terje; Cutajar, Jan Dariusz

In recent years increased research efforts and environmental improvements have been directed towards the preventive conservation of the monumental, unvarnished oil paintings on canvas (1909–1916) by Edvard Munch (1863–1944) housed in the University of Oslo Aula. Surface soiling of the paintings has been a documented issue since their display, and the modern-day effect of air-borne particulates and gases on the painting surfaces remains hitherto undocumented. For the first time in the Aula, this study has measured the in-situ time-dependent mass deposit of air pollution onto vertical surfaces over the period of one year (2021–2022). Concomitant measurements of the concentrations of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were also taken, to complement periodic data from 2020. The mass deposit was measured through incremental weight changes of Teflon membrane filters, and quartz filters for analysis of elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC), whilst the gaseous pollutants were measured using passive gas samplers. Indoor-to-outdoor ratios (I/O) for O3 were noted to be higher than those suggested by earlier data, whereas NO2 I/O ratios were found to be lower, indicating a stronger oxidising atmosphere in the Aula. Just over half of the deposited mass on the quartz filters was found to be OC, with no EC detected. Surprisingly, an overall decrease in the mass deposit from three to twelve months was measured on the Teflon membrane filters. It was hypothesised, based on models reported in the literature, that the source of the OC on the filters was mainly gaseous, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), which were present in an adsorption/desorption equilibrium that was dependent on possible SVOC emission episodes, relative humidity levels, gaseous oxidative reactions and the particulate matter deposit. A simple mathematical model is proposed to rationalise the observed mass deposits on the filters, together with a discussion of uncertainties affecting the measurements. The hypothesis preliminarily indicates the possible and previously unconsidered role of SVOCs on the initial film formation of soiling layers on the Aula paintings, and could bear implications for their monitoring in the preventive care of unvarnished oil paintings on canvas.