Found 10179 publications. Showing page 398 of 408:
Climatic feedbacks and ecosystem impacts related to dust in the Arctic include direct radiative forcing (absorption and scattering), indirect radiative forcing (via clouds and cryosphere), semi-direct effects of dust on meteorological parameters, effects on atmospheric chemistry, as well as impacts on terrestrial, marine, freshwater, and cryospheric ecosystems. This review discusses our recent understanding on dust emissions and their long-range transport routes, deposition, and ecosystem effects in the Arctic. Furthermore, it demonstrates feedback mechanisms and interactions between climate change, atmospheric dust, and Arctic ecosystems.
2025
Seminar focused on health inequality arranged by the project Healthy Choices and the Social gradient.
2025
2025
2025
CO₂-Entfernung im Ozean – Hoffnung und Risiko zugleich
Der Ozean gilt als Schlüssel zur CO₂-Entfernung – doch Forscher warnen vor unklaren Folgen und fehlender Kontrolle.
2025
NILU og Akvaplan-niva har et felles overvåkingsprosjekt rundt Hammerfest LNG på Melkøya. I perioden 2025 – 2028 skal overvåkingen omfatte bly (Pb), kvikksølv (Hg) og PAH i nedbør, vegetasjon, jord, ferskvann, ferskvannsfisk og ferskvannssediment, samt kvikksølv i luft. For de fleste komponenter og prøvemedier er verdiene lave.
NILU
2025
2025
More than 70 years of industrial production of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment on a global scale, although differences in sources, transport and fate lead to variability of occurrence in the environment. Gull eggs are excellent bioindicators of environmental pollution, especially for persistent organic pollutants such as PFAS, known to bioaccumulate in organisms and to be deposited in bird eggs by maternal transfer. Using yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) eggs, we investigated the occurrence of more than 30 PFAS, including the most common chemicals (i.e., legacy PFAS) as well as their alternatives (i.e., emerging PFAS) in the Bay of Marseille, the second largest city in France. Compared to eggs from other colonies along the Mediterranean coast, those from Marseille had PFAS concentrations ranging from slightly higher to up to four times lower, suggesting that this area cannot be specifically identified as a hotspot for these compounds. We also found several emerging PFAS including 8:2 and 10:2 FTS, 7:3 FTCA or PFECHS in all collected eggs. Although the scarcity in toxicity thresholds for seabirds, especially during embryogenesis, does not enable any precise statement about the risks faced by this population, this study contributes to the effort in documenting legacy PFAS contamination on Mediterranean coasts while providing valuable novel inputs on PFAS of emerging concern. Identifying exposure in free-ranging species also participate to determine the main target for toxicity testing in wildlife.
2025
2025
This study builds upon the findings of a FAIRMODE intercomparison exercise conducted in a district of Antwerp, Belgium, where a comprehensive dataset of air pollutant measurements (air quality stations and passive samplers) was available. Long-term average NO2 concentrations at very high spatial resolution were estimated by several dispersion modelling systems (Martín et al., 2024) to investigate the ability of these to capture the detailed spatial distribution of NO2 concentrations at the microscale in urban environments. In this follow-up research, we extend the analysis by evaluating the capability of these modelling systems to predict the NO2 annual limit value exceedance areas (LVEAs) and spatial representativeness areas (SRAs) for NO₂ at two reference air quality stations. The different modelling approaches used are based on CFD, Lagrangian, Gaussian, and AI-driven models.
The different modelling approaches are generally good at predicting the LVEA and SRAs of urban air quality stations, although a small SRA (corresponding to low concentration tolerances or the traffic station) is more difficult to predict correctly. However, there are notable differences in performance among the modelling systems. Those based on CFD models seem to provide more consistent results predicting LVEAs and SRAs. Then, lower accuracy is obtained with AI-based systems, Lagrangian models, and Gaussian models with street canyon parameterizations. The Gaussian models with street-canyon parametrizations show significantly better results than models using simply a Gaussian dispersion parametrization.
Furthermore, little differences are observed in most of the statistical indicators corresponding to the LVEA and SRA estimates obtained from the unsteady full month CFD simulations compared to those from the scenario-based CFD simulation methodologies, but there are some noticeable differences in the LVEA or SRA (traffic station, 10 % tolerance) sizes. The number of scenarios does not seem to be relevant to the results. Different bias correction methodologies are explored.
2025
Tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Bærum 2025-2030
Stiftelsen NILU har, i samarbeid med Transportanalyse AS, utarbeidet trafikk- og luftkvalitetsberegninger for Oslo og Bærum kommuner. Arbeidet omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for relevante forurensningskomponenter (PM10, PM2,5 og NO2) for Dagens situasjon 2022, Referansesituasjonen 2030 og for 2030 med tiltak. Det er beregnet risiko for overskridelse av dagens grenseverdier i forurensningsforskriften og for grenseverdier i revidert EU-direktiv som vil innføres fullt fra 2030.
NILU
2025
2025
Remote marine areas of the Arctic have become a sink for pollutants like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), transported long distances from southern latitudes. This presence of contaminants is creating pressure on Arctic organisms. As such, Svalbard´s wildlife has been monitored for decades to follow temporal trends of pollutants, in addition to better understanding the effects of pollutants on Arctic wildlife.
Seabirds are a key group of Arctic animals that are particularly sensitive to the pollutants’ toxicity via effects on behavior, demography and long-term population viability. Understanding how pollutants affect population viability is essential to protect Arctic wildlife but has been an understudied topic in marine ecology.
Two populations of female common eider (Somateria mollissima) have been monitored in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) and Grindøya (Troms) since 2007 and 1984, respectively. Concentrations of POPs have been analyzed in eiders blood samples, between 2007 and 2009 for Kongsfjorden and from 2005 to 2009 for Grindøya. Previous studies found higher concentrations of HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) for common eiders breeding in Kongsfjorden, while it is the concentrations of PCB (polychlorinated bipheyls) that are the highest for the common eiders breeding in Grindøya. Additionally, the adult survival is higher Kongsfjorden compared to Grindøya common eiders. However, the interaction between those different concentrations of POPs and the adult survival of those two populations have not been studied yet.
Here, we will investigate whether POPs may affect adult survival of female common eiders breeding both in Kongsfjorden and Grindøya. If the POP levels are sufficiently high to induce health effects, we predict that higher concentrations of POPs will negatively affect adult survival.
2025
Abstract. Airborne microplastics are a recently identified atmospheric aerosol species with potential air quality and climate impacts, yet they are not currently represented in global climate models. Here, we describe the addition of microplastics to the aerosol scheme of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1.1): the Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP). Microplastics are included as both fragments and fibres across a range of aerosol size modes, enabling interaction with existing aerosol processes such as ageing and wet and dry deposition. Simulated microplastics have higher concentrations over land, but can be transported into remote regions including Antarctica despite no assumed emissions from these regions. Lifetimes range between ∼17 d to ∼1 h, with smaller, hydrophilic microplastics having longer lifetimes. Microplastics are present throughout the troposphere, and the smallest particles are simulated to reach the lower stratosphere in small numbers. Dry deposition is the dominant microplastic removal pathway, but greater wet deposition occurs for smaller hydrophilic microplastic, due to interactions with clouds. Although microplastics currently contribute a minor fraction of the total aerosol burden, their concentration is expected to increase in future if plastic production continues to increase, and as existing plastic waste in the environment degrades to form new microplastic. Incorporating microplastics into UKESM1.1 is a key step toward quantifying their current atmospheric impact and offers a framework for simulating future emission scenarios for an assessment of their long term impacts on air quality and climate.
2025
Plan hopes to capture carbon by tapping the ocean's power - Earth.com
A look at how ocean carbon removal fits into climate plans and why experts say strong safeguards are needed before it can scale.
2025
The report presents interim 2024 maps for PM10 annual average, PM2.5 annual average, O3 indicator peak season average of maximum daily 8-hour means, and NO2 annual average. The maps have been produced based on the 2024 non-validated E2a (UTD) data of the AQ e-reporting database, the CAMS Ensemble Forecast modelling data and other supplementary data. Together with the concentration maps, the inter-annual differences between 5-year average 2019-2023 and 2024 are presented (using the 2019-2023 regular and the 2024 interim maps), as well as basic exposure estimates based on the interim maps.
European Topic Centre on Human Health and the Environment (ETC HE)
2025
Evaluating the Combined Effect of Land and Marine CDR
With the global annual mean temperature in 2024 exceeding 1.5°C above preindustrial levels, the world faces increasing risks from climate impacts. Achieving the long-term temperature goals of the Paris Agreement will require not only deep emission reductions but likely also large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, major uncertainties remain regarding the Earth system’s response to CDR, its efficacy under overshoot conditions, and the potential of CDR to reverse warming beyond net-zero emissions.
Here, we use emission-driven simulations with activity-driven implementation of CDR in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2-LM) to assess the carbon sequestration efficacy and climate response of two CDR methods, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE), deployed individually and in combination. Our scenarios follow a high-overshoot trajectory (SSP5-3.4-OS) combined with ramped-up deployment of CDR. Additional CDR amounted to 5.2 million km² of bioenergy feedstock for BECCS in addition to the BECCS already present in the SSP5-3.4-OS and a CaO deployment rate of 2.7 Gt/year for OAE, derived from life cycle analysis. OAE is applied across the exclusive economic zones of Europe, the United States, and China. BECCS alone accounts for a 16 ppm reduction using 5.2 million km² of bioenergy crops, while OAE contributes 7 ppm reduction with a cumulative addition of 82.3 Gt of CaO, yielding a CDR effectiveness of 0.08 ppm per Gt of CaO. During the overshoot phase (2050–2060), the combined simulation shows a gross atmospheric CO₂ reduction of 2-4 ppm, increasing to a reduction of 23 ppm by 2100, indicating nearly additive contributions from the two methods.
Despite the substantial CO₂ drawdown and a net reduction of anthropogenic emissions by 5.4 GtCO₂/year by 2100 through additional CDR, the global temperature response remains modest and indistinguishable from internal variability. This highlights the importance of designing robust, scalable CDR portfolios along with ambitious emission cuts. Our results also call for better integration of CDR pathways into IAMs scenarios so that we can have them in ESMs to fully capture biogeophysical feedback and Earth system constraints in overshoot scenarios.
2025
2025