Publications

The EWO dosimeter, an early warning device for the protection of Cultural Heritage objects in museums, historic buildings and archives. NILU F

Lopez-Aparicio, S.; Grøntoft, T.; Obarzanowski, M.; Dahlin, E.M.

The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) – A Coordinated Effort to Provide Harmonized Observation of Air Pollution and Atmospheric Composition

Tørseth, Kjetil; Aas, Wenche; Solberg, Sverre

The European Fifth Framework Project GOA.

Kelder, H.; Eskes, H.; Boersma, F.; Isaksen, I.; Gauss, M.; Zerefos, C.S.; Balis, D.; Platt, U.; Wenig, M.; Beirle, S.; Wagner, T.; Hansen, G.; Vik, A.F.; Zehner, C.

The European contribution to global coastal zone research: An ELOISE (European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies) project. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Special issue. Vol. 62, no. 3

Pacyna, J.M.; Barrett, K.; Namiesnik, J. (eds.)

The Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE – Part 2: Extensions to the source dispersion and photochemistry for EPISODE–CityChem v1.2 and its application to the city of Hamburg

Karl, Matthias; Walker, Sam-Erik; Solberg, Sverre; Ramacher, Martin O. P.

This paper describes the CityChem extension of the Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE. The development of the CityChem extension was driven by the need to apply the model in largely populated urban areas with highly complex pollution sources of particulate matter and various gaseous pollutants. The CityChem extension offers a more advanced treatment of the photochemistry in urban areas and entails specific developments within the sub-grid components for a more accurate representation of dispersion in proximity to urban emission sources. Photochemistry on the Eulerian grid is computed using a numerical chemistry solver. Photochemistry in the sub-grid components is solved with a compact reaction scheme, replacing the photo-stationary-state assumption. The simplified street canyon model (SSCM) is used in the line source sub-grid model to calculate pollutant dispersion in street canyons. The WMPP (WORM Meteorological Pre-Processor) is used in the point source sub-grid model to calculate the wind speed at plume height. The EPISODE–CityChem model integrates the CityChem extension in EPISODE, with the capability of simulating the photochemistry and dispersion of multiple reactive pollutants within urban areas. The main focus of the model is the simulation of the complex atmospheric chemistry involved in the photochemical production of ozone in urban areas. The ability of EPISODE–CityChem to reproduce the temporal variation of major regulated pollutants at air quality monitoring stations in Hamburg, Germany, was compared to that of the standard EPISODE model and the TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) air quality model using identical meteorological fields and emissions. EPISODE–CityChem performs better than EPISODE and TAPM for the prediction of hourly NO2 concentrations at the traffic stations, which is attributable to the street canyon model. Observed levels of annual mean ozone at the five urban background stations in Hamburg are captured by the model within ±15 %. A performance analysis with the FAIRMODE DELTA tool for air quality in Hamburg showed that EPISODE–CityChem fulfils the model performance objectives for NO2 (hourly), O3 (daily max. of the 8 h running mean) and PM10 (daily mean) set forth in the Air Quality Directive, qualifying the model for use in policy applications. Envisaged applications of the EPISODE–CityChem model are urban air quality studies, emission control scenarios in relation to traffic restrictions and the source attribution of sector-specific emissions to observed levels of air pollutants at urban monitoring stations.

The EU European contribution to global coastal zone research: an ELOISE (European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies) project. Editoral.

Pacyna, J.M.; Barrett, K.; Namiesnik, J.

The ESA WACMOS-ET project: advancing the production of evapotranspiration from satellite observations.

Jimenez, C.; the WACMOS-ET team.

The ESA WACMOS-ET Project: Advancing in the production of evapotranspiration from satellite observations. NILU F

Jimenez, C.; Prigent, C.; Aires, F.; Miralles, D.; Trigo, I.; Muller, J.-P.; Disney, M.; McCabe, M.; Ershadi, A.; Muller, B.; Hirschi, M.; Seneviratne, S.; Schneider, P.; Prata, F.; Jung, M.; Reichstein, M.; Fisher, J.; Mu, Q.; Su, B.; Timmermans, J.; Abouali, M.; Chen, X.; Fernandez, D.

The ESA WACMOS-ET project: Advancing in the production of evapotranspiration from satellite observations. NILU F

Jimenez, C.; Prigent, C.; Aires, F.; Miralles, D.; Trigo, I.; Muller, J.P.; Disney, M.; McCabe, M.; Ershadi, A.; Muller, B.; Hirschi, M.; Seneviratne, S.; Schneider, P.; Jung, M.; Reichstein, M.; Fisher, J.; Mu, Q.; Su, B.; Timmermans, J.; Abouali, M.; Chen, X.; Fernandez, D.

The eruption of Kasatochi Volcano; Remote sensing and transport modeling of the emitted sulfur dioxide cloud. NILU PP

Kristiansen, N.I.; Stohl, A.; Prata, A.J.; Richter, A.; Eckhardt, S.; Seibert, P.; Hoffmann, A.; Ritter, C.; Bitar, L.; Duck, T.J.; Stebel, K.

The EmSite model for high resolution emissions from machinery in construction sites

Lopez-Aparicio, Susana; Grythe, Henrik

The report describes the EmSite model developed to estimate exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) used in building and construction. The model is based on a complete national database of the exact location of construction and building activity, machine registries and variables that affect emissions (ground conditions, meteorology, type of ground material). EmSite model allows us to determine, i) the location, area and time of construction projects at fine resolution; ii) energy demand for NRMM; and iii) fuel consumption, air pollutants and GHGs emissions. For exhaust emissions, specific dynamic emission factors for NRMMs were developed. For non-exhaust emissions, an approach based on the Tier 1 (EMEP/EEA Guidebook, 2019) was chosen. EmSite allows for bottom-up estimates for NRMM employed in construction, and the results are comparable with official air pollutant and GHGs emissions.

NILU

The Emissions Fractions Approach to Assessing the Long-Range Transport Potential of Organic Chemicals

Breivik, Knut; McLachlan, Michael S.; Wania, Frank

The assessment of long-range transport potential (LRTP) is enshrined in several frameworks for chemical regulation such as the Stockholm Convention. Screening for LRTP is commonly done with the OECD Pov and LRTP Screening Tool employing two metrics, characteristic travel distance (CTD) and transfer efficiency (TE). Here we introduce a set of three alternative metrics and implement them in the Tool’s model. Each metric is expressed as a fraction of the emissions in a source region. The three metrics quantify the extent to which the chemical (i) reaches a remote region (dispersion, ϕ1), (ii) is transferred to surface media in the remote region (transfer, ϕ2), and (iii) accumulates in these surface media (accumulation, ϕ3). In contrast to CTD and TE, the emissions fractions metrics can integrate transport via water and air, enabling comprehensive LRTP assessment. Furthermore, since there is a coherent relationship between the three metrics, the new approach provides quantitative mechanistic insight into different phenomena determining LRTP. Finally, the accumulation metric, ϕ3, allows assessment of LRTP in the context of the Stockholm Convention, where the ability of a chemical to elicit adverse effects in surface media is decisive. We conclude that the emission fractions approach has the potential to reduce the risk of false positives/negatives in LRTP assessments.

The EMEP monitoring strategy 2004-2009. Background document with justification and specification of the EMEP monitoring programme 2004-2009. EMEP/CCC

Tørseth, K.; Hov, Ø. (eds.)