Found 9759 publications. Showing page 84 of 391:
Russian-Norwegian ambient air monitoring in the border areas. Updated joint report 2010 - 2015.
The report presents the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals (nickel and copper) in ambient air at the Russian monitoring stations in Nikel and Zapoliarny and the Norwegian monitoring stations in Karpdalen abd Svanvik in 2010-2015.
MUGMS and NILU use internationally well recognized state-ofthe-art methods for analyzing both SO2 and heavy metals. Concerning SO2, the monitoring methods and limit values are comparable. The sampling methods and limit values for heavy metals are different. It makes it challenging to compare the results for heavy metals. The expert group exchange information and knowledge, and try to achieve harmonized methods. Emissions of SO2 in ambient air have decreased over the last two decades, but elevated levels of SO2 were observed in Nikel and Zapoliarny, exceeding the Russian norms. Monitoring results from the Norwegian border areas show that the levels of SO2 were exceeding the Norwegian air quality standards. The levels of heavy metals did not exceed neither the Russian norms for heavy metals, nor the Norwegian annual mean target values for heavy metals. The registered levels of both SO2 and heavy metals in ambient air were higher at the Russian stations than the Norwegian stations. The Russian monitoring stations are located closer to the emission sources in Nikel and Zapoliarny.
2017
Russian-Norwegian ambient air monitoring in the border areas. Report M-322
The report presents the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals (nickel and copper) in ambient air at the Russian monitoring stations in Nikel and Zapoljarny and the Norwegian stations in Karpdalen and Svanvik. MUGMS and NILU use internationally well recognized the state-of-the-art methods for analyzing both SO2 and heavy metals. SO2 emissions and ambient air levels have decreased over the last two decades, but elevated levels of SO2 were observed in Nikel and Zapoljarny in the period 2009-2012, exceeding the Russian norms.
The border areas in Norway experienced levels of SO2 exceeding the Norwegian air quality standards over the years 2011-2012. The levels of heavy metals did not exceed neither the Russian norms for heavy metals, nor the Norwegian annual mean target values for heavy metal. The levels of both SO2 and heavy metals were higher at the Russian stations than the Norwegian stations. The Russian monitoring stations are located closer to the emission sources in Nikel and Zapoljarny.
2015
2024
Rotational Raman scattering (RRS) causes filling-in of absorption lines in Earth shine spectra. It is routinely accounted for in analysis of UV and visible spectra measured both by satellite and ground-based instruments. RRS is also present at longer wavelengths, however, the magnitude generally decreases with increasing wavelength due to decrease in the scattering cross section. For high-resolution spectral measurements the effect may be noticeable. Depending on the application, RRS thus needs to be quantified and possibly corrected for. Of special interest is the effect of RRS in the O2-A (759-769 nm) and O2-B (686-697 nm) bands. Here, the effect of RRS in these bands is studied for the present and future satellite instruments CarbonSat, FLEX/FLORIS, MERIS and OLCI.
2012
2010
2017
2012
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2016
2004
2009
2019
Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing
Anthropogenic aerosols exert a cooling influence that offsets part of the greenhouse gas warming. Due to their short tropospheric lifetime of only several days, the aerosol forcing responds quickly to emissions. Here, we present and discuss the evolution of the aerosol forcing since 2000. There are multiple lines of evidence that allow us to robustly conclude that the anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) – both aerosol–radiation interactions (ERFari) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) – has become less negative globally, i.e. the trend in aerosol effective radiative forcing changed sign from negative to positive. Bottom-up inventories show that anthropogenic primary aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions declined in most regions of the world; observations related to aerosol burden show declining trends, in particular of the fine-mode particles that make up most of the anthropogenic aerosols; satellite retrievals of cloud droplet numbers show trends in regions with aerosol declines that are consistent with these in sign, as do observations of top-of-atmosphere radiation. Climate model results, including a revised set that is constrained by observations of the ocean heat content evolution show a consistent sign and magnitude for a positive forcing relative to the year 2000 due to reduced aerosol effects. This reduction leads to an acceleration of the forcing of climate change, i.e. an increase in forcing by 0.1 to 0.3 W m−2, up to 12 % of the total climate forcing in 2019 compared to 1750 according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
2022
A strategy for how Norwegian applied organizations should prepare for the upcoming EarthCARE and Sentinel 5 precursor satellite missions is discussed, and long- and short-term plans are provided. The satellites and their potential products are discussed in terms of possible applications by NILU and met.no and data are considered for operational use in (a) reporting of climate gases, aerosols, ozone and UV to Klif, (b) EMEP reporting on aerosol and acidification/eutrophication, (c) chemical weather forecasting, (d) numerical weather forecasting and (e) research on Cloud-Aerosol-Radiation interaction.
2011
Roadmap for action for advancing aggregate exposure to chemicals in the EU
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has a goal to efficiently conduct aggregate exposure assessments (AEAs) for chemicals using both exposure models and human biomonitoring (HBM) data by 2030. To achieve EFSA's vision, a roadmap for action for advancing aggregate exposure (AE) in the EU was developed. This roadmap was created by performing a series of engagement and data collection activities to map the currently available methods, data, and tools for assessing AE of chemicals, against the needs and priorities of EFSA. This allowed for the creation of a AEA framework, identification of data and knowledge gaps in our current capabilities, and identification of the challenges and blockers that would hinder efforts to fill the gaps. The roadmap identifies interdependent working areas (WAs) where additional research and development are required to achieve EFSA's goal. It also proposes future collaboration opportunities and recommends several project proposals to meet EFSA's goals. Eight proposal projects supported by SWOT analysis are presented for EFSA's consideration. The project proposals inform high-level recommendations for multi-annual and multi-partner projects. Recommendations to improve stakeholder engagement and communication of EFSA's work on AEA were gathered by surveying stakeholders on specific actions to improve EFSA's communication on AE, including webinars, virtual training, social media channels, and newsletters.
2024
2001
Road traffic's contribution to air quality in European cities. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2012/14
2013