Found 833 publications. Showing page 1 of 84:
2025
Detection of Body Shaming in Social Media: Traditional Machine Learning vs. Transformer-based Models
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Methane in Svalbard (SvalGaSess)
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas whose emission into the atmosphere from Arctic environments is increasing in response to climate change. At present, the increase in atmospheric methane concentrations recorded at Ny-Ålesund and globally threatens the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees, preferably 1.5 degrees, by increasing the need for abatements. However, our understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes that control methane in the Arctic are strongly biased towards just a few lowland sites that are not at all like Svalbard and other similar mountainous, ice-covered regions. Svalbard can therefore be used to better understand these locations. Svalbard’s methane stocks include vast reserves of ancient, geogenic methane trapped beneath glaciers and permafrost. This methane supplements the younger, microbial methane mostly produced in waterlogged soils and wetlands during the summer and early winter. Knowledge about the production, removal and migration of these two methane sources in Svalbard’s complex landscapes and coastal environments has grown rapidly in recent years. However, the need to exploit this knowledge to produce reliable estimates of present-day and future emissions of methane from across the Svalbard landscape is now paramount. This is because understanding these quantities is absolutely necessary when we seek to define how society must adjust in order to better manage greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere
2025
Towards an integrated data-driven infrastructure (InfraNor)
The Arctic is warming almost four times faster
compared to the rest of the world (Rantanen et al.
2022). Svalbard and its surroundings have warmed
faster than most of the Arctic (Cai et al. 2021;
Isaksen et al. 2022). The Svalbard archipelago also
shows large temperature variations from south
to north and east to west (Østby et al. 2017).
Svalbard has good infrastructure, logistics and
communications (airport, port, laboratories), and
excellent possibilities for data transfer. This makes
Svalbard and its surroundings an attractive living
natural laboratory for long-term and campaign-
based Arctic studies.
Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System
(SIOS) is a Norwegian-initiated international
cooperation to exploit Svalbard’s research
infrastructure for the purpose of increasing
knowledge about global climate and environmental
c h a n g e s t h ro u g h l o n g - t e r m m o n i t o r i n g
(Christiansen et al. 2024). It currently includes 29
member institutions from 10 different countries
with a research focus relevant to interdisciplinary
earth system studies in and around Svalbard. These
studies explore the complex interrelationships
between ocean currents, atmospheric and
geological conditions, the extent of ice and snow,
and terrestrial food webs of plants and animals.
Within SIOS, researchers collaborate by sharing and
integrating data and research infrastructure to build
an efficient observing system that focuses on long-
term monitoring of parameters that are important
for understanding the Arctic in the context of global
environmental change.
The research infrastructures1 in Svalbard have
mainly been established as independent activities
by projects or research stations. The existing
environmental monitoring and observation
infrastructures in Svalbard are generally maintained
at a high standard and are state-of-the-art.
While the individual observations and research
infrastructures might be of good quality, they
are not optimised and the gathered data are not
harmonised, except for e.g., in COAT (Pedersen
et al 2025). SIOS utilises existing infrastructure,
as well as new infrastructure, instigated by
considerations and deliberations of the working
groups coordinated by the central hub, SIOS-
Knowledge Centre.
SIOS-InfraNor is a regional distributed observing
system utilising versatile infrastructure from in situ
to satellite remote sensing observations (Figure 1).
The project, funded jointly by the Research Council
of Norway and the Norwegian Space Agency
(NoSA), strengthens SIOS with a coordinated and
state-of-the-art observation network for marine,
terrestrial and atmospheric research. This network,
which provides data in accordance with the FAIR
principles (Wikinson et al. 2016), is implemented
and operated in and around Svalbard. The InfraNor
project, as a prioritised infrastructure initiative
identified through a gap analysis study, provides
new and upgraded research facilities to support
addressing Earth System Science (ESS) questions
on global environment change. SIOS offers a single
point of access to infrastructure, data, tools and
services owned or operated by its members.
InfraNor is a response to the ongoing effort to
optimise the SIOS observing system. This effort
builds on the SIOS Strategy for Optimisation,
and draws on work conducted through the SIOS
Science Optimisation Service2 (as described in
the SIOS current state document3). The focus
is on observational measurements to address
regional issues and offer an opportunity for much
more comprehensive monitoring of ESS-relevant
variables throughout the region as articulated in
the SIOS Infrastructure Optimisation Report4. The
report targets vertical and horizontal interactions,
cryosphere–geosphere dynamics, and climate
change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
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