Report

Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Norway. Nationwide survey 2010. NILU OR

Steinnes, E.; Berg, T.; Uggerud, H.T.; Pfaffhuber, K.A.

The geographical distribution of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in Norway was mapped in 2010 by analysis of moss samples from 464 sites all over the country. This report provides a presentation of the results and a comparison with data from a series of corresponding moss surveys starting 1977. The survey is part of an international program comprising large parts of Europe. The survey primarily concerns the ten metals of priority in the European program: vanadium, chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead. In addition data are reported for another 42 elements in the moss. The discussion of the obtained data mainly refers to contributions from air pollution. In addition influence from natural processes to the elemental composition of the moss and how it may influence the interpretation of the data is discussed.

Update and improvement of dispersion calculations for emissions to air from TCM's amine plant. Part II-Likely case nitrosamines, nitramines and formaldehyde. NILU OR

Tønnesen, D.

Inert dispersion of a unitary emission has been combined with time dependent air chemistry to provide maximum impact of nitrosamines and nitramines in air and water for emissions from the amine absorber at TCM. The calculations show that likely case impact of nitrosamines and nitramines in air is less than 2 % of the recommended guideline value. The maximum concentrations in fresh water range from0.6 % to 3.2 % of the guideline depending on the use of absorbent and flue gas. The likely case impact show that air concentrations are a factor of 3 to 4 lower than the worst case, while water concentrations are be a factor from 16 to 22 lower than the worst case depending on the type of absorbent.

Measurements of air quality and corrosion risk at the Railway Museum in Warsaw. NILU OR

Grøntoft, T.

Measurements of the concentration of SO2, of aerosol concentration in air and of the composition and mass of water soluble cations and anions were performed during four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, at two locations of the Railway Museum in Warsaw: Central Warsaw and Sochazew, which is located 50 km west of Warsaw. The time of wetness was calculated from precipitation data available from the Warsaw Targowek meteorological station. The measurements indicated a low to medium corrosivity for the atmospheres, which is typical for northern European inland environments with low chloride concentrations and relatively low SO2 concentration. The measurements indicated that sulphur dioxide SO2 was the main pollutant which gave increased corrosion at the sites, especially in Sochaczew, and that the presence of chloride, Cl-, and sulphate, SO42-, in the aerosol at significant levels contributed to the corrosion. Higher levels of Cl-, SO42- and H+ were measured in Sochaczew than in central Warsaw. The ISO 9223 corrosion category for SO2 and Cl- was 0 in central Warsaw and 1 in Sochaczew, indicating a significant contribution to the corrosion from anthropogenic sources in Sochaczew. The values for SO2 are slightly higher, but the PM10 values are lower, than tolerable levels for immovable (i.e. outdoor) cultural heritage given in a European wide assessment performed for CAFÉ (EU programme: Clean Air For Europe). The main factor that increases the corrosion to a higher ISO category (2-3) at the locations is the relatively humid climate. A further reduction of air pollutants should further reduce the corrosion, but the largest potential protection effect would be from measures to shelter the objects form rain and reduce the humidity in the air around the objects, e.g. by moving vulnerable smaller objects or particularly valuable objects to the indoor or applying other options for sheltering.

Final report: Air quality management feasibility study for Armenia. NILU OR

Randall, S.; Tønnesen, D.; Liu, L.

A Feasibility Study has been performed to assess the Air Quality Management (AQM) situation in Armenia for the purpose of potentially preparing a future comprehensive project proposal for establishing an Air Quality Management Program (AQMP) for the country. The study was conducted in cooperation with local Armenian Environmental authorities (primarily the Environmental Impact Monitoring Centre - EIMC) to evaluate the existing local monitoring network and collaborating institutions, in addition to performing a screening study in Yerevan based on passive samplers. Results from the study indicate that Armenia needs technical support and training in order to establish a comprehensive AQMP. Recommendations, including a detailed roadmap, are presented as suggestions for the framework of a future proposal to establish a successful AQMP in Armenia.

Baseline study on air and precipitation quality for CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad. NILU OR

Tønnesen, D.; Dye, C.; Bøhler, T.

NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research has carried out a monitoring campaign around the Mongstad industrial area on behalf of CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) to establish the current levels of air and precipitation quality prior to the start-up of the TCM, as well as using the collected data for a recommended permanent surveillance monitoring network in the area. The levels of NOX, particulate matter, formaldehyd and NH3 was at typical rural background level. Ethylamine, methylamine and dimethylamine was found above detection limits. Nitrosamines, nitramines and isocyanates were not found above detection limits. Two of the locations from the baseline study have been recommended