Report

Environmental contaminants in fish and zooplankton from Lake Mjøsa, 2010. NIVA-rapport, 6141-2011

Fjeld, E.; Enge, E.K.; Rustadbakken, A.; Løvik, J.E.; Rognerud, S.

Transboundary acidification, eutrophication and ground level ozone in Europe in 2009. EMEP status report 1/2011

Fagerli, H.; Gauss, M.; Benedictow, A.; Griesfeller, J.; Jonson, J.E.; Nyiri, A.; Schulz, M.; Simpson, D.; Steensen, B.M.; Tsyro, S.; Valdebenito, A.; Wind, P.; Aas, W.; Hjellbrekke, A.-G.; Mareckova, K.; Wankmuller, R.; Iversen, T.; Kirkevåg, A.; Seland, Ø.; Vieno, M.

Update and improvement of dispersion calculations for emissions to air from TCM's amine plant. Part l-Worst case nitrosamines and nitramines. NILU OR

Tønnesen, D.

Inert dispersion of a unitary emission has been combined with time dependent air chemistry to provide maximum impact of nitrosamines and nitramines in air and water for emissions from the amine absorber at TCM. The calculations show that worst case impact of nitrosamines and nitramines in air is 5 % of the recommended guideline value. The maximum concentrations in fresh water range from13 % to 53 % of the guideline depending on the use of absorbent and flue gas. Estimates for a likely case impact show that air concentrations will be a factor of 3 lower than the worst case, while water concentrations will be a factor from 10 to 20 lower than the worst case depending on the type of absorber.

Status report January 1 - April 1 2011. Environmental surveillance of emissions to air from Snøhvit-Hammerfest LNG. NILU OR

Hak, C.

Particle sampling in the Khalifa Port Industrial Zone (KPIZ). Analysis results from sampling period August 2010-February 2011. NILU OR

Hak, C.

A particle sampling and monitoring programme has been carried out in Khalifa Port Industrial Zone (KPIZ), between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. At the site in Area A of KPIZ, PM2.5 was sampled on filters during a six month period. The filters were analysed gravimetrically and with respect to fluoride. Selected filters were subject to detailed chemical speciation.
PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to agree well with concentrations observed throughout Abu Dhabi. Also inorganic ion concentrations and concentrations of most elements were similar to the Abu Dhabi average. The total carbon contribution in KPIZ was found to be lower than in the Abu Dhabi average. Fluoride concentrations were below guidance levels defined by WHO throughout the sampling period.
Inorganic ions (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, sodium, chloride , calcium, magnesium, potassium) explained on average 49% of the PM2.5 mass, dominated by sulphate, ammonium and nitrate, which are indicators of secondary inorganic aerosol (long-range transported, anthropogenic origin).
Crustal elements (calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, titanium) were found to be the most abundant elements. The elements analysed accounted for 15% (on average) of the PM2.5 mass. Reconstructing the mass of crustal oxides, approximately 44% of the fine particle mass was estimated to be associated with mineral dust. Toxic heavy metal concentrations were found to be below guideline values.
Total carbon, which consists of elemental carbon, organic carbon and carbonate carbon contributed on average 12% to PM2.5 mass. About 15% of total carbon is carbonate of natural origin. Elemental carbon and organic carbon of likely anthropogenic origin usually account for most total carbon in PM2.5 in KPIZ.
PM in KPIZ has a strong signature of natural sources (mineral dust) and long-range transport of particulate pollutants. A detailed apportionment of sources requires the analysis of more samples.