Found 9983 publications. Showing page 114 of 400:
2018
Screening Programme 2017 – AMAP Assessment Compounds
This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic.
NILU
2018
2018
2018
NILU og Urbanet Analyse har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utviklet modellen NERVE («Norwegian Emissions from Road
Vehicle Exhaust») for klimagassutslipp fra veitrafikken i norske kommuner. NERVE beregner klimagassutslipp fra
veitrafikken totalt innenfor hver kommune geografisk og for kommunens innbyggere, både som totalt utslipp og som en
utslippsfaktor (g/km). NERVE en en «bottom-up» modell som bygger på fire detaljerte datasett; 1) Veinettet ved alle
offentlige veier fra Nasjonal vegdatabank (NVDB), 2) trafikk på vei fra Regional Transport Model (RTM), 3)
kjørelengdestatistikken for norskregistrerte kjøretøy fra Statistisk Sentralbyrå Norge (SSB) og 4) utslippsfaktorer fra HBEFA(Hand Book of Emission FActors for Road Transport.
NILU
2018
A satellite-based estimate of combustion aerosol cloud microphysical effects over the Arctic Ocean
Climate predictions for the rapidly changing Arctic are highly uncertain, largely due to a poor understanding of the processes driving cloud properties. In particular, cloud fraction (CF) and cloud phase (CP) have major impacts on energy budgets, but are poorly represented in most models, often because of uncertainties in aerosol–cloud interactions. Here, we use over 10 million satellite observations coupled with aerosol transport model simulations to quantify large-scale microphysical effects of aerosols on CF and CP over the Arctic Ocean during polar night, when direct and semi-direct aerosol effects are minimal. Combustion aerosols over sea ice are associated with very large (∼ 10Wm−2) differences in longwave cloud radiative effects at the sea ice surface. However, co-varying meteorological changes on factors such as CF likely explain the majority of this signal. For example, combustion aerosols explain at most 40% of the CF differences between the full dataset and the clean-condition subset, compared to between 57% and 91% of the differences that can be predicted by co-varying meteorology. After normalizing for meteorological regime, aerosol microphysical effects have small but significant impacts on CF, CP, and precipitation frequency on an Arctic-wide scale. These effects indicate that dominant aerosol–cloud microphysical mechanisms are related to the relative fraction of liquid-containing clouds, with implications for a warming Arctic.
2018
2018
Zurich statement on future actions on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n–. To date, over 4,000 unique PFASs have been used in technical applications and consumer products, and some of them have been detected globally in human and wildlife biomonitoring studies. Because of their extraordinary persistence, human and environmental exposure to PFASs will be a long-term source of concern. Some PFASs such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) have been investigated extensively and thus regulated, but for many other PFASs, knowledge about their current uses and hazards is still very limited or missing entirely. To address this problem and prepare an action plan for the assessment and management of PFASs in the coming years, a group of more than 50 international scientists and regulators held a two-day workshop in November, 2017. The group identified both the respective needs of and common goals shared by the scientific and the policy communities, made recommendations for cooperative actions, and outlined how the science–policy interface regarding PFASs can be strengthened using new approaches for assessing and managing highly persistent chemicals such as PFASs.
2018
2018
Long-term Arctic air monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is essential in assessing their long-range transport and for evaluating the effectiveness of chemical control initiatives. We report for the first time temporal trends of neutral and ionic PFASs in air from three arctic stations: Alert (Canada, 2006–2014); Zeppelin (Svalbard, Norway, 2006–2014) and Andøya (Norway, 2010–2014). The most abundant PFASs were the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs). All of these chemicals exhibited increasing trends at Alert with doubling times (t2) of 3.7 years (y) for PFOA, 2.9 y for PFOS, 2.5 y for PFBA, 5.0 y for 8:2 FTOH and 7.0 y for 10:2 FTOH. In contrast, declining or non-changing trends, were observed for PFOA and PFOS at Zeppelin (PFOA, half-life, t1/2 = 7.2 y; PFOS t1/2 = 67 y), and Andøya (PFOA t1/2 = 1.9 y; PFOS t1/2 = 11 y). The differences in air concentrations and in time trends between the three sites may reflect the differences in regional regulations and source regions. We investigate the source region for particle associated compounds using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. Model results showed that PFOA and PFOS are impacted by air masses originating from the ocean or land. For instance, PFOA at Alert and PFOS at Zeppelin were dominated by oceanic air masses whereas, PFOS at Alert and PFOA at Zeppelin were influenced by air masses transported from land.
2018
Spesifikasjoner for sensorsystemer til måling av luftkvalitet. Anbefalinger ved anskaffelse.
Denne rapporten forklarer tekniske begrep knyttet til måleytelse, samt gir anbefalinger og krav i forbindelse med utarbeidelse av anbud. Rapporten går gjennom eksisterende instrumentering til luftkvalitetsmåling i Norge og gjeldende lovgivning rundt temaet. Den nevner mulige applikasjoner for ny sensorteknologi. En oversikt over metrologiske begrep sammen med forklaringer gir leseren grunnleggende kunnskap for å kunne tolke instrumentspesifikasjoner. Rapporten identifiserer noen viktige parametere knyttet til kvaliteten på sensorsystemer.
NILU
2018
2018
2018