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Emission estimates for Norwegian cities. NBV_Emission Database v.0. NILU OR
This report is part of the development of a National Modelling System for local air quality ("Nasjonalt Beregningsverktøy" or NBV project). We describe and document the emission database used as baseline in the NBV project (i.e. NBV_Emission_Database v.0) and the preliminary emission estimates. This report presents NOx and PM10 emission estimates for Bergen, Drammen, Grenland, Oslo, Trondheim and Stavanger, and the breakdown among sectors. The report emphasizes on the need for update emissions. The developments carried out in 2015 and described in this report involves i) the traffic sector through the development of application to retrieve data; ii) the residential heating sector by updating emissions from wood burning; and iii) the update of shipping emissions. The updated emissions will constitute the NBV_Emission_Database v.1, which better represents current situation, is consistent regarding the methods used to estimate emissions, and completes identified gaps. Our study highlight the importance of updating regularly emissions inventories.
2015
NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research and the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Poland - GIOS are implementing the project on "Strengthening the air quality assessment system in Poland based on Norwegian experience", as a part of the program on "Improving Environmental Monitoring and Inspection" within the framework of the European Economic area 2009 - 2014.
Various tasks carried out during the performance of the project within Activities 1 through 6 are summarized here.
2015
NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research and the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Poland ¿ GIOS are implementing the project on ¿Strengthening the air quality assessment system in Poland based on Norwegian experience¿, as a part of the program on ¿Improving Environmental Monitoring and Inspection¿ within the framework of the European Economic area 2009 - 2014.
Various tasks carried out during the performance of the project within Activities 1 through 6 are summarized here.
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Effects of climate variability on vegetation and carbon uptake in a North-Norwegian coastal wetland. NILU OR
Greenhouse gas exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere are an important element of the climate system. Especially boreal and polar wetlands and peatlands may play a crucial role for the future development of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane concentrations, because they contain stores of these gases in the same order of magnitude as the current atmospheric load. The aim of this project was to estimate the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from an oceanic wetland in North-Norway. Seven years of observations reveal that carbon exchange from this ecosystem is comparable to that of moderate zone coastal wetlands, but distinctly different from alpine and continental wetlands at the same latitude in Sweden and Finland. The seven-year record of meteorological data reveals that the observed period was significantly warmer (especially during winter) and drier (especially in summer) than the climate reference period 1961-1990. Carbon fluxes during the growing season are sensitive to both draught, cold spells and soil climate conditions before the onset of the growing season, but the annual Net Ecosystem Exchange is much less variable.
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NILU has on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency determined the concentration of ionic perfluorinated substances (PFASs), including PFOA, in outdoor gear.
Of the investigated 18 items, no PFAS could be detected at all in nine of them. Two samples contained PFOA exceeding the limit of 1 µg/m2. The quality assurance where three replicates of one sample were extracted had a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10% for all detected substances except one (PFTrDA). Other quality measures such as recovery calculations and blanks shows that the method used for extraction is suitable for these types of matrices and substances. PFOS was not present in the items investigated, indicating that the textile industry manages to effectively avoid PFOS in their production processes.
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Intercomparison of BTEX measurements and revision of historical BTEX data in Oslo. NILU OR
Parallel measurements of BTEX with diffusive sampling in Oslo confirmed large deviations between the two involved laboratories NILU and Molab. The following investigation identified that Molab was using wrong uptake rates in their final calculation of the results. All BTEX results delivered by Molab between 2008 and 2014 have to be revised downwards with factors between 2,4 and 2,9.
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