Publications

Natural iron fertilization by the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption.

Achterberg, E.P.; Mark Moore, C.; Henson, S.A.; Steigenberger, S.; Stohl, A.; Eckhardt, S.; Avendano, L.C.; Cassidy, M.; Hembury, D.; Klar, J.K.; Lucas, M.I.; Macey, A.I.; Marsay, C.M.; Ryan-Keogh, T.J.

Nature-based and solar energy building solutions in the water-energy-food nexus across diverse climatic zones in Europe

Karamanis, Dimitris; Liu, Hai Ying; Skandalos, Nikolaos; D’Agostino, Delia; Kourtis, Ioannis M.; Vangelis, Harris

NBN and XRCC3 genetic variants in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Smolkova, B.; Dusinska, M.; Hemminki, K.

Near and below snow surface gradient measurements of Hg0 during Barrow Arctic Mercury Study (BAMS) 2004. NILU PP

Aspmo, K.; Berg, T.; Steffen, A.; Brooks, S.; Lindberg, S.; Wibeto, G.

Nedbrytning av kulturmaterialer i innemiljø på grunn av luftforurensning og klima. Prøvetakings- og analysemetoder for museer og samlinger.

Grøntoft, T.

Nedstenging lite å si for utslipp

Platt, Stephen Matthew (interview subject); Grønning, Trygve (journalist)

Negligible impact of ingested microplastics on tissue concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in northern fulmars off coastal Norway.

Herzke, D.; Anker-Nilssen, T.; Nøst, T.H.; Götsch, A.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.; Langset, M.; Fangel, K.; Koelmans, A.A.

NERVE - Utslipsmodell for veitrafikk. Dokumentasjon av beregningsmodell for klimagassutslipp i norske kommuner.

Weydahl, Torleif; Grythe, Henrik; Haug, Tormod Wergeland; Høyem, Harald

NILU og Urbanet Analyse har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utviklet modellen NERVE («Norwegian Emissions from Road
Vehicle Exhaust») for klimagassutslipp fra veitrafikken i norske kommuner. NERVE beregner klimagassutslipp fra
veitrafikken totalt innenfor hver kommune geografisk og for kommunens innbyggere, både som totalt utslipp og som en
utslippsfaktor (g/km). NERVE en en «bottom-up» modell som bygger på fire detaljerte datasett; 1) Veinettet ved alle
offentlige veier fra Nasjonal vegdatabank (NVDB), 2) trafikk på vei fra Regional Transport Model (RTM), 3)
kjørelengdestatistikken for norskregistrerte kjøretøy fra Statistisk Sentralbyrå Norge (SSB) og 4) utslippsfaktorer fra HBEFA(Hand Book of Emission FActors for Road Transport.

NILU

Nested multimedia fate and exposure modelling

Breivik, Knut; Eckhardt, Sabine; Sunde Krogseth, Ingjerd; McLachlan, Michael S.; Wania, Frank

Net ecosystem exchange estimates for Europe using a Bayesian atmospheric inversion

Thompson, Rona Louise; Broquet, Grégoire; Karstens, Ute; Scholze, Marko

Neurochemical targets and behavioral effects of organohalogen compounds: an update.

Mariussen, E.; Fonnum, F.

Neurotoxicology

Mariussen, Espen

New advanced models (NAMs) for risk assessment of bisphenol A alternatives

Honza, Tatiana; El Yamani, Naouale; Dusinska, Maria; Rundén-Pran, Elise; Marcon, Francesca

The safety of bisphenol A (BPA) due to its adverse effects on the immune system has led to an increasing concern and a significant regulatory shift. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) proposed a reduction in the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BPA in food in their 2023 scientific opinion, highlighting the need for stricter regulations compared to their previous assessment in 2015. This regulatory action has spurred the production of BPA alternatives, raising concerns about their safety due to insufficient toxicological data. Addressing this gap is crucial for ensuring human and environmental health. In this project, multiple genotoxicity endpoints were applied for testing of two regulatory relevant BPA alternatives, bisphenol E (BPE) and bisphenol P (BPP), in different human models: 2D HepG2 liver cells, 3D liver spheroids and primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes. DNA strand breaks and oxidised base lesions were evaluated by the enzyme-modified version of the comet assay, while clastogenicity and aneugenicity were analysed by the in vitro micronucleus assay (OECD TG 487, 2016), together with cytotoxicity. Development of new advanced models (NAMs), as 3D spheroids, are essential for next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) in line with the 3R's to replace, reduce or refine animal experiments. In this aspect, validation and standardisation of NAMs are needed to reach regulatory readiness level and development of OECD Test Guidelines. Therefore, a standardisation and pre-validation of the advanced 3D liver spheroid model was performed by using multiple genotoxicity endpoints and by comparing the obtained results with standard genotoxicity models.