Publications

The IMPACTs project and recent developments of EMEP.

Tørseth, K.

The Impacts of Snow Assimilation on Seasonal Prediction over the Third Pole

Orsolini, Yvan; Senan, Retish; Rosnay, Patricia de

The impact of tropospheric blocking on the duration of the sudden stratospheric warmings in boreal winter 2023/24

Vorobeva, Ekaterina; Orsolini, Yvan

The winter of 2023/24 exhibited remarkable stratospheric dynamics with multiple sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Based on the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5) polar-cap-averaged 10 hPa zonal wind, three major SSWs are identified. Two of the three SSWs were short-lived, lasting under 7 d. In this study, we give an overview of the three SSWs that occurred in the winter of 2023/24 and focus on the impact of tropospheric forcing on their duration. Blocking high-pressure systems are shown to modulate wave activity flux into the stratosphere through interactions with tropospheric planetary waves, depending on their location. The rapid termination of the first SSW (14–19 January 2024) is linked to a developing high-pressure system over the North Pacific. The second SSW (16–22 February 2024) terminated quickly due to more contributing factors, one of which was a high-pressure system that developed over the Far East. The third SSW (3–28 March 2024) was a long-duration canonical event extending to levels below 100 hPa. In contrast to the two short-lived SSWs in the winter of 2023/24, tropospheric forcing was sustained around the SSW onset in March 2024, allowing a long event to develop. We also note that conditions for these SSWs were particularly favorable due to external factors, including an easterly Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the presence of El Niño conditions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, and the proximity to the solar maximum.

The impact of the epoxy thin-film layer for microwave-based gas sensors working at high relative humidity levels

Grochala, Dominik; Paleczek, Anna; Kocoñ, Mateusz; Dudzik, Maciej; Blajszczak, Lukasz; Staszek, Kamil; Wojcikowski, Marek; Cao, Tuan-Vu; Rydosz, Artur

The impact of residential combustion emission on Arctic aerosol concentrations.

Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Olivie, D.J.L.; Grini, A.

The impact of organic acids on varnishes in museum environments.

Bonaduce, I.; Colombini, M.P.; Di Girolamo, F.; Orsini, S.; Odlyha, M.; Rutkowska, S.; Scharff, M., Grøntoft, T.

The impact of North American emission on carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations over Europe. NILU PP

Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Cassiani, M.; Cammas, J.-P.

The impact of greenhouse gases and halogenated species on future solar UV radiation doses.

Taalas, P.; Kaurola, J.; Kylling, A.; Shindell, D.; Sausen, R.; Dameris, M.; Grewe, V.; Herman, J.

The Impact of Energetic Particle Precipitation into the Atmosphere

Orsolini, Yvan J.

The impact of Eastern U.S. megapolis emissions on carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations over Europe.

Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.; Cassiani, M.; Scheel, H.-E.; Cammas, J.-P.

The impact of climate sensitive factors on the exposure to organohalogenated contaminants in an aquatic bird exploiting both marine and freshwater habitats

Bustnes, Jan Ove; Bårdsen, Bård-Jørgen; Herzke, Dorte; Bangjord, Georg; Bollinger, Eric; Bourgeon, Sophie; Schulz, Ralf; Fritsch, Clémentine; Eulaers, Igor

To assess how climate-sensitive factors may affect the exposure to organochlorines (OCs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), we monitored concentrations in eggs of the common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) over two decades (1999–2019) in central Norway. The goldeneye alternates between marine and freshwater habitats and is sensitive to climate variation, especially due to alterations in ice conditions which may affect feeding conditions. We assessed how biological factors such as diet (stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N), the onset of egg laying, and physical characteristics such as winter climate (North Atlantic Oscillation: NAOw) influenced exposure. We predicted compounds to show different temporal trends depending on whether they were still in production (i.e. some PFASs) or have been banned (i.e. legacy OCs and some PFASs). Therefore, we controlled for potential temporal trends in all analyses. There were declining trends for α- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p.p′-DDT) and less persistent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (e.g. PCB101). In contrast, the dominant compounds, such as p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) and persistent PCB congeners, were stable, whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) increased over time. Most OCs were positively related to δ15N, suggesting higher exposure in birds feeding at upper trophic levels. Chlordanes and HCB were positively associated with δ13C, indicating traces of marine input for these compounds, whereas the relationships to most PCBs were negative. Among PFASs, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) declined. Most PFASs were positively associated with δ13C, whereas there were no associations with δ15N. Egg laying date was positively associated to perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), suggesting that some of the PFAS load originated from the wintering locations. Although NAOw had little impact on the exposure to organohalogenated contaminants, factors sensitive to climate change, especially diet, were associated with the exposure to OHCs in goldeneyes.

The impact of a nickel-copper smelter on concentrations of toxic elements in local wild food from the Norwegian, Finnish, and Russian border regions.

Hansen, M. D.; Nøst, T. H.; Heimstad, E. S.; Evenset, A.; Dudarev, A. A.; Rautio, A.; Myllynen, P.; Dushkina, E. V.; Jagodic, M.; Christensen, G. N.; Anda, E. E.; Brustad, M.; Sandanger, T. M.