Found 9764 publications. Showing page 55 of 391:
The report provides the annual update of the European air quality concentration maps and population exposure estimates for human health related indicators of pollutants PM10 (annual average, 90.4 percentile of daily means), PM2.5 (annual average), ozone (93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8-hour means, SOMO35, SOMO10) and NO2 (annual average), and vegetation related ozone indicators (AOT40 for vegetation and for forests) for the year 2019. The report contains also Phytotoxic ozone dose (POD) for wheat, potato and tomato maps and NOx annual average map for 2019. The POD map for tomato is presented for the first time in this regular mapping report. The trends in exposure estimates in the period 2005–2019 are summarized. The analysis is based on the interpolation of the annual statistics of the 2019 observational data reported by the EEA member and cooperating countries and other voluntary reporting countries and stored in the Air Quality e-reporting database. The mapping method is the Regression – Interpolation – Merging Mapping (RIMM). It combines monitoring data, chemical transport model results and other supplementary data using linear regression model followed by kriging of its residuals (residual kriging). The paper presents the mapping results and gives an uncertainty analysis of the interpolated maps. It also presents concentration change in 2019 in comparison to the five-year average 2014-2018 using the difference maps.
ETC/ATNI
2021
This report analyses evolution and trends of air quality in Europe, based on a 15-year time series of spatial data fusion maps for the years 2005-2019. The analysis has been performed for PM10 annual average, the ozone indicator SOMO35 and NO2 annual average. For the purpose of the Eionet Report - ETC/ATNI 2021/11 trend analysis, a consistent reconstruction of the full 15-year time series of air quality maps has been performed, based on a consistent mapping methodology and input data. For the reconstruction, the Regression – Interpolation – Merging Mapping (RIMM) methodology as routinely used in the regular European-wide annual mapping has been applied.
The trend analysis has been performed based on time series of the aggregated data for individual countries, for large European regions and for the entire mapping area, both for spatial and population-weighted aggregations. In addition, maps of trends have been constructed based on the trend estimates for all grid cells of a map.
For the European-wide aggregations across the whole mapping area, statistically significant downward trend have been estimated for PM10 and NO2, while no significant trend was detected in the case of ozone.
ETC/ATNI
2021
The report provides interim 2020 maps for PM10 annual average, NO2 annual average and the ozone indicator SOMO35. The maps have been produced based on non-validated Up-To-Date data reported to the AQ e-reporting database (data flow E2a), the CAMS Ensemble Forecast modelling data and other supplementary data including air quality data reported to EMEP. In addition to concentration maps, the inter-annual differences between the years 2019 and 2020 are presented (using the 2019 regular and the 2020 interim maps), as well as European exposure estimates based on the interim maps. The contribution of lockdown measures connected with the Covid-19 pandemic on the change of air pollutant concentrations during the exceptional year 2020 is briefly discussed. The decrease in road transport, aviation and international shipping intensity during the lockdown resulted in a reduction of the NOx emission, mainly in large cities and urbanized areas. Compared to 2019, a general decrease in NO2 annual average concentrations is shown for 2020, as well as a decrease in values of the ozone indicator SOMO35, apart from areas with a steep NO2 decrease. Due to the chemical processes, the decrease in NOX resulted in an ozone increase in these areas. The contribution of lockdown measures on the change of PM10 concentrations is quite complex. On the one hand, there was a decrease in emissions of suspended particles and their precursors due to decrease in transport. On the other hand, higher intensity of residential heating likely led to higher emissions of both suspended particles and their precursors.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) annual mapping. Evaluation of its potential regular updating.
The report examines the potential regular production of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) maps at the European scale in line with the operational production of other air quality maps. Stations measuring BaP are relatively scarce at the European scale, so in order to extend the spatial coverage, so-called pseudo station data have been calculated and used together with the actual BaP measurement data. These pseudo station data are derived from PM2.5 or PM10 measurements in locations with no BaP observations.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Long-term trends of air pollutants at national level 2005-2019
Trend calculations of air pollutants for the periods 2005-2019 have been applied. Sulphur dioxide shows the largest decrease of all pollutants with a reduction of the order of 60-70 %. The agreement between reported emission data and measured concentrations are quite good. For NO2, a mismatch between the trend in air concentrations and NOx emissions is found. While the overall NOx emissions are reported to be reduced by 45 %, the measured NO2 data indicate a decline of the order of 30 % although marked differences between the countries are found. This mismatch could not be explained by changes in meteorology as this is accounted for. Possible reasons for the mismatch could be the NO2/NOx ratio of the emissions, changes in baseline hemispheric ozone concentration and natural emissions. For PM data (PM10 and PM2.5) we find an opposite mismatch, meaning that the PM concentrations show stronger downward trends than the reported emissions. This is likely an effect of the importance of secondary aerosols which are mitigated by other activities than the direct PM emissions. An overall reduction in PM10 of the order of 30-38 % is found during 2005-2019 while the direct emissions give a reduction that is 5-10 percentage units smaller. Similar results are found for PM2.5, but these findings are uncertain due to the less amount of long-term data. For O3, our findings are in line with earlier studies noting that the annual mean ozone concentration has increased while the high peaks have been reduced. But the reduction of the peaks is now within only a few percent and non-significant, while for the 2000-2017 period it was significant and about 10%.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Vurdering av utslipp til luft fra Wistingfeltet i Barentshavet. Underlag for konsekvensutredning.
NILU har vurdert miljøkonsekvensene av utslipp til luft fra fremtidig utbygging og drift av Wisting-feltet i Barentshavet. Utslipp av CO2, CH4, N2O og NMVOC er vurdert utfra bidrag til strålingspådriv/global oppvarming. Kraftforsyning fra land med sjøkabel vil sterkt redusere utslippene av CO2. Klimaeffekten av utslipp til luft fra produksjonen vil bli liten. Bidraget fra Wisting til eutrofiering og forsuring gjennom avsetning av NOx og SOx forventes å være lite og knapt målbart. Likeledes vil bidraget fra Wisting til ozonproduksjon være minimalt og knapt målbart. Klimaeffekten av BC-utslipp (Black Carbon) fra installasjonene på Wisting vil bli liten. Samtidig gir utslipp av BC i Arktis større effekt pr. utslippsenhet enn utslipp lenger sør. Det bør derfor være et mål å optimalisere faklingen fra Wisting slik at utslipp av BC blir redusert til et absolutt minimum.
NILU
2021
Links to Copernicus data and services. Status and recommendations.
This report presents available Copernicus data from both its satellite and service component. It contains a comprehensive overview of the status of use of Copernicus data and products in the work of the European Environment Agency (EEA) and provides recommendations to make better use of Copernicus information focusing on the activities of the European Topic Centre for Air pollution, Transport, Noise, and Industry pollution (ETC/ATNI). Specific recommended activities to make better use of Copernicus data involve mapping and emission activities at ETC/ATNI, trend analysis, noise, and air quality assessments as well as the development of on-line air quality services and the implementation of urban sustainability studies.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Atmospheric composition in the European Arctic and 30 years of the Zeppelin Observatory, Ny-Ålesund,
2021
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Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences
2021
The health risk related to exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter - PM2.5, ozone - O3, and nitrogen dioxide - NO2) in 2019 was estimated in terms of number of premature deaths and years of life lost related to exposure to for 41 European countries, including the 27 EU Member States. In 2019, air pollution continued to drive a significant burden of premature death and disease in the 41 countries reporting to EEA: 373,000 premature deaths were attributed to chronic exposure to PM2.5; 47,700 premature deaths were attributed to chronic NO2 exposure; 19,070 premature deaths were attributed to acute O3 exposure. The analysis on the EU’s progress to reach the 2030 target established in the Zero Pollution Action Plan shows a steady decrease in the number of premature deaths along the years, and if it continues to fall at a comparable rate in the future, then the target would be achieved by 2032. Had the new WHO air quality guideline level for PM2.5 of 5 µg/m3 been attained already in 2019 everywhere in Europe, the number of estimated premature deaths would have been at least 58 % lower. On the other hand, the attainment of the EU limit value for PM2.5 of 25 µg/m3 would have left the estimated number of premature deaths unchanged in EU-27.
ETC/ATNI
2021
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