Found 10544 publications. Showing page 17 of 422:
2005
2023
2013
2017
Urban air pollution 2000-2015. Results from monitoring and modeling in Oslo and Trondheim. NILU OR
The expected changes in emission profiles for vehicular traffic has been investigated by Ecotraffic on behalf of Statoil. This report gives a trend analysis of monitoring and model results for air quality in Oslo and Trondheim. The period covered is 2000 to 2015, the last third of the period is covered only by modelling. The impact of introduction of bio fuel have been reflected upon, based on the changes in emission profiles given by Ecotraffic. For particulate matter, the introduction of bio fuels will likely contribute to a continuous reduction of ambient air concentrations. For NOX and NO2, introduction of bio fuel will have an adverse effect, and the urban air pollution level of NO2 is no longer decreasing.
2010
Urban areas face growing challenges in ensuring equitable access to essential amenities amid increasing populations and resource constraints. Active mobility modes, including walking and cycling, offer sustainable solutions to these challenges but are significantly influenced by environmental factors. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for evaluating the spatial equity of urban active mobility, defined in this study as the fair spatial distribution of segment-level walkability and bikeability along with neighborhood-level accessibility. Using Oslo, Norway, as a case study, the framework assesses pedestrian and bicycle networks. Accessibility to key amenities was evaluated using a cumulative opportunities approach. Results reveal that approximately 23.5% of Oslo’s population experience active transport inequity, with limited access to well-scored mobility routes. The analysis also showed that over 50,000 individuals reside in areas where detours do not yield a feasible improvement in the active travel experience, resulting in another form of active mobility inequity. By identifying areas where infrastructure improvements can enhance active travel and accessibility, this framework provides insights to promote equitable mobility systems.
2026
2020
2013
Uptake of organic contaminants from car tire microplastics in Arctic marine species
Car tire particles represent an important environmental challenge that is difficult to alleviate. The particles stem from abrasion during driving, so-called tire wear particles (TWPs), down-cycled end-oflife tire crumb rubber (CR) granulate that is used widely as low-cost infill on sports fields, or degradation products from discarded tires. The material contains a variety of additives and chemical residues from the manufacturing process, including metals, especially high concentrations of zinc, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and benzothiazoles (Halsband et al., 2020), but also paraphenylenediaminesb (PPDs) and numerous other organic chemicals. In urbanized areas, TWPs arebemitted from vehicles, while CR is dispersed from artificial sports fields and other urban surfaces to the environment. This suggests that particulate and chemical runoff to coastal systems is likely and represents a route of exposure to marine organisms. In the Arctic, even small human settlements can represent local sources of TWPs and CR granulate emissions. Here, we summarize recent experimental studies examining the responses of different marine animals to tire rubber particle or leachate exposure, focusing on toxicity and the uptake kinetics of tire-related organic chemicals into organs and tissues. We present data for different ecological functional groups relevant to the Arctic, including copepods, shrimps, crabs, and fish, representing different body sizes, marine habitats, and feeding modes, and thus varying exposure scenarios. Our findings from GC-HRMS SIM chromatography demonstrate that several tire additives are taken up into tissues. Although the available data indicates many tire-derived organic chemicals do not seem to bioaccumulate, mapping of tire rubber particle and chemical distributions in Arctic coastal systems, dose-response toxicity testing and risk assessments of environmental concentrations are warranted, also with a view to potential trophic transfer within the Arctic marine food chain.
2023
Little is known about the exposure of aquatic biota to tire and road wear particles (TRWP) washed away from roads. Mussels were exposed for 7 days to model TRWP (m-TRWP), produced by milling tire tread particles with pure sand, and analyzed for 21 tire-related compounds by liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Upon exposure to 0.5 g/L of m-TRWP, 15 compounds were determined from 944 μg/kg wet weight (diphenylguanidine, DPG) over 18 μg/kg for an oxidation product of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPDQ) to 0.6 μg/kg (4-hydroxydiphenyl amine). Transfer into mussels was highest for PTPD, DTPD and 6-PPDQ and orders of magnitude lower for 6-PPD. During 7 days depuration the concentration of all determined chemicals decreased to remaining concentrations between ~50 % (PTPD, DTPD) and 6 % (6-PPD). Suspect and non-target screening found 37 additional transformation products (TPs) of tire additives, many of which did not decrease in concentration during depuration, among them ten likely TPs of DPG, two of 6-PPD and PTPD and two of 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline. A wide variety of chemicals is taken up by mussels upon exposure to m-TRWP and a wide range of TPs is formed, enabling the differentiation of biomarkers of exposure to TRWP and biomarkers of exposure to tire-associated chemicals.
2025
2013
Uptake and effects of 2, 4, 6 - trinitrotoluene (TNT) in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Elsevier
2018
2022
Updating historical global inventories of anthropogenic mercury emissions to air. AMAP Technical Report, no. 3, 2010
2010