Found 9759 publications. Showing page 177 of 391:
2021
Mapping potential conflicts between global agriculture and terrestrial conservation
Demand for food products, often from international trade, has brought agricultural land use into direct competition with biodiversity. Where these potential conflicts occur and which consumers are responsible is poorly understood. By combining conservation priority (CP) maps with agricultural trade data, we estimate current potential conservation risk hotspots driven by 197 countries across 48 agricultural products. Globally, a third of agricultural production occurs in sites of high CP (CP > 0.75, max = 1.0). While cattle, maize, rice, and soybean pose the greatest threat to very high-CP sites, other low-conservation risk products (e.g., sugar beet, pearl millet, and sunflower) currently are less likely to be grown in sites of agriculture–conservation conflict. Our analysis suggests that a commodity can cause dissimilar conservation threats in different production regions. Accordingly, some of the conservation risks posed by different countries depend on their demand and sourcing patterns of agricultural commodities. Our spatial analyses identify potential hotspots of competition between agriculture and high-conservation value sites (i.e., 0.5° resolution, or ~367 to 3,077km2, grid cells containing both agriculture and high-biodiversity priority habitat), thereby providing additional information that could help prioritize conservation activities and safeguard biodiversity in individual countries and globally. A web-based GIS tool at https://agriculture.spatialfootprint.com/biodiversity/ systematically visualizes the results of our analyses.
2023
Mapping Plastic and Plastic Additive Cycles in Coastal Countries: A Norwegian Case Study
The growing environmental consequences caused by plastic pollution highlight the need for a better understanding of plastic polymer cycles and their associated additives. We present a novel, comprehensive top-down method using inflow-driven dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis (DPMFA) to map the plastic cycle in coastal countries. For the first time, we covered the progressive leaching of microplastics to the environment during the use phase of products and modeled the presence of 232 plastic additives. We applied this methodology to Norway and proposed initial release pathways to different environmental compartments. 758 kt of plastics distributed among 13 different polymers was introduced to the Norwegian economy in 2020, 4.4 Mt was present in in-use stocks, and 632 kt was wasted, of which 15.2 kt (2.4%) was released to the environment with a similar share of macro- and microplastics and 4.8 kt ended up in the ocean. Our study shows tire wear rubber as a highly pollutive microplastic source, while most macroplastics originated from consumer packaging with LDPE, PP, and PET as dominant polymers. Additionally, 75 kt of plastic additives was potentially released to the environment alongside these polymers. We emphasize that upstream measures, such as consumption reduction and changes in product design, would result in the most positive impact for limiting plastic pollution.
2024
2016
2001
NILU was commissioned by 8 Norwegian companies with FeSi-/Si-industry to perform passive air measurements of SO2 and PAH around the Finnfjord AS FeSi-smelter and to analyse microsilica dust samples from the companies.
Passive monthly samples were taken at 10 sampling sites around Finnfjord AS in the period October-December 2014. The PAH samples were analysed for 42 PAH compounds. 5-7-ring PAHs, i.e. particle bound components, were generally below the detection limit during the measurement period. There was no significant correlation of SO2 and PAH2-4-ring and thus no significant impact from the smelter was found in October-December 2014 for gaseous PAHs. An additional source of PAHs in winter was likely residential heating by wood burning.
2016
2022
2004
Mapping annual mean PM2.5 concentrations in Europe: application of pseudo PM2.5 station data. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2011/5
2011
Mapping air pollution effects on materials including stock at risk in Guangzhou, China. Bulletin 108E
2001
2019
2016