Publications

Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America.

Cooper, O.R.; Parrish, D.D.; Stohl, A.; Trainer, M.; Nédeléc, P.; Thouret, V.; Cammas, J.P.; Oltmans, S.J.; Johnson, B.J.; Tarasick, D.; Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I.S.; Jaffe, D.; Gao, R.; Stith, J.; Ryerson, T.; Aikin, K.; Campos, T.; Weinheimer, A.; Avery, M.A.

Increases in Global and East Asian Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3) Emissions Inferred from Atmospheric Observations

Liu, Yu; Sheng, Jianxiong; Rigby, Matthew; Ganesan, Anita L.; Kim, Jooil; Western, Luke M.; Mühle, Jens; Park, Sunyoung; Park, Hyeri; Weiss, Ray F. ; Salameh, Peter K.; O'Doherty, Simon; Young, Dickon; Krummel, Paul B. ; Vollmer, Martin K.; Reimann, Stefan; Lunder, Chris Rene; Prinn, Ronald G.

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a potent and long-lived greenhouse gas that is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductors, photovoltaic cells, and flat panel displays. Using atmospheric observations from eight monitoring stations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and inverse modeling with a global 3-D atmospheric chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), we quantify global and regional NF3 emission from 2015 to 2021. We find that global emissions have grown from 1.93 ± 0.58 Gg yr–1 (± one standard deviation) in 2015 to 3.38 ± 0.61 Gg yr–1 in 2021, with an average annual increase of 10% yr–1. The available observations allow us to attribute significant emissions to China (0.93 ± 0.15 Gg yr–1 in 2015 and 1.53 ± 0.20 Gg yr–1 in 2021) and South Korea (0.38 ± 0.07 Gg yr–1 to 0.65 ± 0.10 Gg yr–1). East Asia contributes around 73% of the global NF3 emission increase from 2015 to 2021: approximately 41% of the increase is from emissions from China (with Taiwan included), 19% from South Korea, and 13% from Japan. For Japan, which is the only one of these three countries to submit annual NF3 emissions to UNFCCC, our bottom-up and top-down estimates are higher than reported. With increasing demand for electronics, especially flat panel displays, emissions are expected to further increase in the future.

Increased production at Elkem Aluminium Mojsøen NILU OR

Tønnesen, D.

Increased contribution of biomass burning to haze events in Shanghai since China’s clean air actions

Fang, Wenzheng; Evangeliou, Nikolaos; Eckhardt, Sabine; Xing, Ju; Zhang, Hailong; Xiao, Hang; Zhao, Meixun; Kim, Sang-Woo

High levels of East Asian black carbon (BC) aerosols affect ecological and environmental sustainability and contribute to climate warming. Nevertheless, the BC sources in China, after implementing clean air actions from 2013‒2017, are currently elusive due to a lack of observational constraints. Here we combine dual-isotope-constrained observations and chemical-transport modelling to quantify BC’s sources and geographical origins in Shanghai. Modelled BC concentrations capture the overall source trend from continental China and the outflow to the Pacific. Fossil sources dominate (~70%) BC in relatively clean summer. However, a striking increase in biomass burning (15‒30% higher in a fraction of biomass burning compared to summer and 2013/2014 winter), primarily attributable to residential emissions, largely contributes to wintertime BC (~45%) pollution. It highlights the increasing importance of residential biomass burning in the recent winter haze associated with >65% emissions from China’s central-east corridor. Our results suggest clearing the haze problem in China’s megacities and mitigating climate impact requires substantial reductions in regional residential emissions, besides reducing urban traffic and industry emissions.

Springer Nature

Increased adrenal responsiveness and delayed hatching date in relation to polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in Arctic-breeding black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla).

Tartu, S.; Lendvai, A.Z.; Blevin, P.; Herzke, D.; Bustamante, P.; Moe, B.; Gabrielsen, G.W.; Bustnes, J.O.; Chastel, O.

Inclusion of land cover and traffic data in NO2 mapping methodology. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2016/12

Horálek, J.; de Smet, P.; Schneider, P.; Kurfürst, P.; de Leeuw, F.

iNANOD liposomes. Cyto- and genotoxicity testing.

Rundén-Pran, Elise; Hudecova, Alexandra Misci; Mariussen, Espen; Dusinska, Maria

NILU

In-situ observation of Asian pollution transported into the Arctic lowermost stratosphere.

Roiger, A.; Schlager, H.; Schäfler, A.; Huntrieser, H.; Scheibe, M.; Aufmhoff, H.; Cooper, O. R.; Sodemann, H.; Stohl, A.; Burkhart, J.; Lazzara, M.; Schiller, C.; Law, K. S.; Arnold, F.

In vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay: Method Adapted for Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials

Cardoso, Renato; Dusinska, Maria; Collins, Andrew Richard; Manjanatha, Mugamane; Pfuhler, Stefan; Registre, Marilyn; Elespuru, Rosalie K.

The in vivo Comet assay measures the generation of DNA strand breaks under conditions in which the DNA will unwind and migrate to the anode in an electrophoresis assay, producing comet-like figures. Measurements are on single cells, which allows the sampling of a diversity of cells and tissues for DNA damaging effects. The Comet assay is the most common in vivo method for genotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials (NM). The Method outlined here includes a recommended step-by-step approach, consistent with OECD 489, taking into consideration the issues impacting assessment of NM, including choice of cells or systems, handling of NM test articles, dose determination, assay methods and data assessment. This method is designed to be used along with the accompanying “Common Considerations” paper, which discusses issues common to any genotoxicity assay using NM as a test article.

Frontiers Media S.A.

In vitro toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol-A on cerebellar granule cells: cell death, free radical formation, calcium influx and extracellular glutamate.

Reistad, T.; Mariussen, E.; Ring, A.; Fonnum, F.

In vitro genotoxicity testing of four reference metal nanomaterials, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide and silver: towards reliable hazard assessment.

El Yamani, N.; Collins, A.R.; Rundén-Pran, E.; Fjellsbo, L.M.; Shaposhnikov, S.; Zielonddiny, S.; Dusinska, M.

In vitro cyto- and genotoxicity of CeO2, TiO2 and Ag nanoforms: the role of physical properties

Longhin, Eleonora Marta; Rios Mondragon, Ivan; Mariussen, Espen; Congying, Z.; Busquets, M.; Hofshagen, Ole-Bendik; Franco Puntes, V.; Cimpan, Mihaela-Roxana; Shaposhnikov, S.; Dusinska, Maria; Rundén-Pran, Elise