Publications

UV-degradation is a key driver of the fate and impacts of marine plastics. How can laboratory experiments be designed to effectively inform risk assessment?

Hernandez, Laura M.; Howarth-Forster, Lucy; Sørensen, Lisbet; Booth, Andy; Vidal, Alice; Tufenkji, Nathalie; Sempéré, Richard; Schmidt, Natascha

Marine plastic litter is subject to different abiotic and biotic forces that lead to its degradation, the main driver being UV-induced photodegradation. Since UV-exposure leads to both physical and chemical degradation of plastic, leading to a release of micro- and nanoplastics as well as leaching of chemicals and degradation products – it is expected to have radical impacts on plastics fate and effects in the marine environment. The number of laboratory studies investigating the mechanisms of plastic UV-degradation in seawater has increased significantly in the past 10 years, but are the exposures designed in a manner that allow observations to be extrapolated to environmental fate? Most studies to date focus on quantifying plastic fragmentation and surface changes, but is this relevant for impact assessments? Here, we provide a review of the current scientific literature on UV-degradation of plastic under marine conditions. Plastic fragmentation processes and surface changes as well as implications of UV-degradation of plastics on additive leaching and the toxicity of UV-weathered versus non-weathered plastics are highlighted. Furthermore, experimental set-ups are critically inspected and recommendations for future studies are issued.

Elsevier

Uwarunkowania samowystarczalnosci energetycznej gmin.

Calus, S.; Nowak, W.; Poplawski, T.; Ozga, K.; Dariusz, C.; Chmiel, M.; Soltysik, M.; Majchrzak, A.; Guerreiro, C.; Thorne, R. J.; Bouman, E. A.; Michalek, M.; Dziubaltowski, P.; Galuszkiewicz, P.; Superson-Polowiec, B.; Perkowski, I.; Trojnacki, M.; Stankowski, T.; Galka, B.; Weszgowiec, M.; Chabecki, P.; Zacharski, P.; Melka, K.

Validation of a screening method based on liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for analysis of perfluoroalkylated substances in biota.

Berger, U.; Haukås, M.

Validation of aerosol optical depth uncertainties within the ESA Climate Change Initiative.

Stebel, K.; Povey, A.; Popp, T.; Capelle, V.; Clarisse, L.; Heckel, A.; Kinne, S.; Klueser, L.; Kolmonen, P.; de Leeuw, G.; North, P. R. J.; Pinnock, S.; Sogacheva, L.; Thomas, G.; Vandenbussche, S.

Validation of GOME derived ozone profiles by means of ozonesonde and lidar. NILU F

Hansen, G.; Vik, A.F.; Eskes, H.; R. van der A.

Validation of GOME total ozone by means of the Norwegian ozone monitoring network.

Hansen, G.; Dahlback, A.; Tønnesen, F.; Svenøe, T.

Validation of IMK ozone profiles from MIPAS-Envisat. NILU PP

Steck, T.; Blumenstock, T.; Clarmann, T. von, Fischer, H.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Hase, F.; Höpfner, M.; Kellmann, S.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Mengistu Tsidu, G.; Milz, M.; Oelhaf, H.; Stiller, G.P.; Wetzel, G.; Zhang, G.; Funke, B.; Wang, D.Y.; Allaart, M.; Gathe, P. von der, Hansen, G.; Stebel, K.; Kyro, E.; Raffalski, U.; Redonas, A.; Russell III, J.; Steinbrecht, W.; Yela, M.

Validation of land surface temperature. NILU F

Schneider, P.; Martins, J.; Pires, A.; Trigo, I.; Jimenez, C.; Goettsche, F.; Hook, S.J.; Prata, F.

Validation of MERIS Products at Sagres, SW Portugal Between 2008-2012. NILU F

Icely, J.; Cristina, S.; Goela, P.; Moore, G.; Danchenko, S.; Newton, A.

Validation of new satellite aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm using Raman lidar observations at Radiative Transfer Laboratory in Warsaw.

Zawadzka, O.; Stachlewska, I. S.; Markowicz, K.; Nemuc, A.; Stebel, K.

Validation of organotypical hippocampal slice cultures as an ex vivo model of brain ischemia: different roles of NMDA receptors in cell death signalling after exposure to NMDA or oxygen and glucose deprivation.

Ahlgren, H.; Henjum, K.; Ottersen, O.P.; Rundén-Pran, E.

Validation of satellite AOD uncertainties.

Stebel, K.,Povey, A.; North, P.; Heckel, A.; Kolmonen, P.; de Leeuw, G.; Holzer-Popp, T.; Aerosol_cci, Team.

Validation of SMILES HCl profiles over a wide range from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere

Nara, Seidai; Sato, Tomohiro O.; Yamada, Takayoshi; Fujinawa, Tamaki; Kuribayashi, Kota; Manabe, Takeshi; Froidevaux, Lucien; Livesey, Nathaniel J.; Walker, Kaley A.; Xu, Jian; Schreier, Franz; Orsolini, Yvan J.; Limpasuvan, Varavut; Kuno, Nario; Kasai, Yasuko