Found 10006 publications. Showing page 86 of 401:
2025
Rv. 83 Seljestad - Sama. Evaluating air quality around tunnel outlets. NILU OR
Dispersion calculations regarding the tunnel connections along Rv. 83 Seljestad ¿ Sama, Harstad county. Maximum concentrations and dispersion distances have been calculated.
2014
Russian-Norwegian ambient air monitoring in the border areas. Updated joint report 2010 - 2015.
The report presents the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals (nickel and copper) in ambient air at the Russian monitoring stations in Nikel and Zapoliarny and the Norwegian monitoring stations in Karpdalen abd Svanvik in 2010-2015.
MUGMS and NILU use internationally well recognized state-ofthe-art methods for analyzing both SO2 and heavy metals. Concerning SO2, the monitoring methods and limit values are comparable. The sampling methods and limit values for heavy metals are different. It makes it challenging to compare the results for heavy metals. The expert group exchange information and knowledge, and try to achieve harmonized methods. Emissions of SO2 in ambient air have decreased over the last two decades, but elevated levels of SO2 were observed in Nikel and Zapoliarny, exceeding the Russian norms. Monitoring results from the Norwegian border areas show that the levels of SO2 were exceeding the Norwegian air quality standards. The levels of heavy metals did not exceed neither the Russian norms for heavy metals, nor the Norwegian annual mean target values for heavy metals. The registered levels of both SO2 and heavy metals in ambient air were higher at the Russian stations than the Norwegian stations. The Russian monitoring stations are located closer to the emission sources in Nikel and Zapoliarny.
2017
Russian-Norwegian ambient air monitoring in the border areas. Report M-322
The report presents the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals (nickel and copper) in ambient air at the Russian monitoring stations in Nikel and Zapoljarny and the Norwegian stations in Karpdalen and Svanvik. MUGMS and NILU use internationally well recognized the state-of-the-art methods for analyzing both SO2 and heavy metals. SO2 emissions and ambient air levels have decreased over the last two decades, but elevated levels of SO2 were observed in Nikel and Zapoljarny in the period 2009-2012, exceeding the Russian norms.
The border areas in Norway experienced levels of SO2 exceeding the Norwegian air quality standards over the years 2011-2012. The levels of heavy metals did not exceed neither the Russian norms for heavy metals, nor the Norwegian annual mean target values for heavy metal. The levels of both SO2 and heavy metals were higher at the Russian stations than the Norwegian stations. The Russian monitoring stations are located closer to the emission sources in Nikel and Zapoljarny.
2015
2024
2025
Rotational Raman scattering (RRS) causes filling-in of absorption lines in Earth shine spectra. It is routinely accounted for in analysis of UV and visible spectra measured both by satellite and ground-based instruments. RRS is also present at longer wavelengths, however, the magnitude generally decreases with increasing wavelength due to decrease in the scattering cross section. For high-resolution spectral measurements the effect may be noticeable. Depending on the application, RRS thus needs to be quantified and possibly corrected for. Of special interest is the effect of RRS in the O2-A (759-769 nm) and O2-B (686-697 nm) bands. Here, the effect of RRS in these bands is studied for the present and future satellite instruments CarbonSat, FLEX/FLORIS, MERIS and OLCI.
2012
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2019
Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing
Anthropogenic aerosols exert a cooling influence that offsets part of the greenhouse gas warming. Due to their short tropospheric lifetime of only several days, the aerosol forcing responds quickly to emissions. Here, we present and discuss the evolution of the aerosol forcing since 2000. There are multiple lines of evidence that allow us to robustly conclude that the anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) – both aerosol–radiation interactions (ERFari) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) – has become less negative globally, i.e. the trend in aerosol effective radiative forcing changed sign from negative to positive. Bottom-up inventories show that anthropogenic primary aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions declined in most regions of the world; observations related to aerosol burden show declining trends, in particular of the fine-mode particles that make up most of the anthropogenic aerosols; satellite retrievals of cloud droplet numbers show trends in regions with aerosol declines that are consistent with these in sign, as do observations of top-of-atmosphere radiation. Climate model results, including a revised set that is constrained by observations of the ocean heat content evolution show a consistent sign and magnitude for a positive forcing relative to the year 2000 due to reduced aerosol effects. This reduction leads to an acceleration of the forcing of climate change, i.e. an increase in forcing by 0.1 to 0.3 W m−2, up to 12 % of the total climate forcing in 2019 compared to 1750 according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
2022