Found 10544 publications. Showing page 90 of 422:
2011
Safeguarding drinking water in north-western europe by modelling the fate of amines from CO2capture
The European Union (EU) net-zero emission target for 2050 requires large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Amine-based CO2 capture (CC) is the most mature CC technology but may lead to the spread of nitrosamines (NSAs) and nitramines (NAs) in the nearby surroundings. These are carcinogenic compounds that can persist in water resources. Hence, EU's ambition towards carbon neutrality might pose risk of drinking water contamination as well as ecosystem and agricultural crops pollution. We compiled a dataset of planned CCS projects in the Franco-Danish corridor, Europe's future CCS hub, where most capacity will be located by 2030, with at least 40% based on amine technology. Spatial analysis indicates that up to 10.2 million inhabitants, large Natura 2000 reserves, and extensive crop areas may be impacted by NA and NSA deposition, often in regions already under severe water stress. Biogeochemical modelling shows that surface waters with short residence times are highly sensitive to deposition rates, whereas groundwater concentrations depend strongly on the interplay between NA and NSA half-lives and travel times, creating greater uncertainty in aquifers, especially small systems with limited dilution. In both cases, MEA is the most environmentally friendly when emission abatement measures are limited to water wash, compared to piperazine and other emerging solvents. Main findings highlight the need for regional-scale modelling and harmonized regulation to safeguard drinking water, ecosystems, and food security as CCS deployment expands.
2026
Safe(r) by design implementation in the nanotechnology industry
The implementation of Safe(r) by Design (SbD) in industrial innovations requires an integrated approach where the human, environmental and economic impact of the SbD measures is evaluated across and throughout the nanomaterial (NM) life cycle. SbD was implemented in six industrial companies where SbD measures were applied to NMs, nano-enabled products (NEPs) and NM/NEP manufacturing processes. The approach considers human and environmental risks, functionality of the NM/NEP and costs as early as possible in the innovation process, continuing throughout the innovation progresses. Based on the results of the evaluation, a decision has to be made on whether to continue, stop or re-design the NM/NEP/process or to carry out further tests/obtain further data in cases where the uncertainty of the human and environmental risks is too large. However, SbD can also be implemented at later stages when there is already a prototype product or process available, as demonstrated in some of the cases. The SbD measures implemented in some of the case studies did not result in a viable solution. For example the coating of silicon nanoparticles with amorphous carbon increased the conductivity, the stability and reduced the dustiness of the particles and therefore the risk of explosion and the exposure to workers. However the socioeconomic assessment for their use in lithium-ion batteries for cars, when compared to the use of graphite, showed that the increase in performance did not overcome the higher production costs. This work illustrates the complexities of selecting the most appropriate SbD measures and highlights that SbD cannot be solely based on a hazard and exposure assessment but must include other impacts that any SbD measures may have on sustainability including energy consumption and waste generation as well as all associated monetary costs.
2020
2025
Rv. 83 Seljestad - Sama. Evaluating air quality around tunnel outlets. NILU OR
Dispersion calculations regarding the tunnel connections along Rv. 83 Seljestad ¿ Sama, Harstad county. Maximum concentrations and dispersion distances have been calculated.
2014
Russian-Norwegian ambient air monitoring in the border areas. Updated joint report 2010 - 2015.
The report presents the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals (nickel and copper) in ambient air at the Russian monitoring stations in Nikel and Zapoliarny and the Norwegian monitoring stations in Karpdalen abd Svanvik in 2010-2015.
MUGMS and NILU use internationally well recognized state-ofthe-art methods for analyzing both SO2 and heavy metals. Concerning SO2, the monitoring methods and limit values are comparable. The sampling methods and limit values for heavy metals are different. It makes it challenging to compare the results for heavy metals. The expert group exchange information and knowledge, and try to achieve harmonized methods. Emissions of SO2 in ambient air have decreased over the last two decades, but elevated levels of SO2 were observed in Nikel and Zapoliarny, exceeding the Russian norms. Monitoring results from the Norwegian border areas show that the levels of SO2 were exceeding the Norwegian air quality standards. The levels of heavy metals did not exceed neither the Russian norms for heavy metals, nor the Norwegian annual mean target values for heavy metals. The registered levels of both SO2 and heavy metals in ambient air were higher at the Russian stations than the Norwegian stations. The Russian monitoring stations are located closer to the emission sources in Nikel and Zapoliarny.
2017
Russian-Norwegian ambient air monitoring in the border areas. Report M-322
The report presents the levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals (nickel and copper) in ambient air at the Russian monitoring stations in Nikel and Zapoljarny and the Norwegian stations in Karpdalen and Svanvik. MUGMS and NILU use internationally well recognized the state-of-the-art methods for analyzing both SO2 and heavy metals. SO2 emissions and ambient air levels have decreased over the last two decades, but elevated levels of SO2 were observed in Nikel and Zapoljarny in the period 2009-2012, exceeding the Russian norms.
The border areas in Norway experienced levels of SO2 exceeding the Norwegian air quality standards over the years 2011-2012. The levels of heavy metals did not exceed neither the Russian norms for heavy metals, nor the Norwegian annual mean target values for heavy metal. The levels of both SO2 and heavy metals were higher at the Russian stations than the Norwegian stations. The Russian monitoring stations are located closer to the emission sources in Nikel and Zapoljarny.
2015
2024
2025
Rotational Raman scattering (RRS) causes filling-in of absorption lines in Earth shine spectra. It is routinely accounted for in analysis of UV and visible spectra measured both by satellite and ground-based instruments. RRS is also present at longer wavelengths, however, the magnitude generally decreases with increasing wavelength due to decrease in the scattering cross section. For high-resolution spectral measurements the effect may be noticeable. Depending on the application, RRS thus needs to be quantified and possibly corrected for. Of special interest is the effect of RRS in the O2-A (759-769 nm) and O2-B (686-697 nm) bands. Here, the effect of RRS in these bands is studied for the present and future satellite instruments CarbonSat, FLEX/FLORIS, MERIS and OLCI.
2012
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