Publications

Plasma concentrations of parabens in postmenopausal women and self-reported use of personal care products: the NOWAC postgenome study.

Sandanger, T.M.; Huber, S.; Moe, M.K.; Braathen, T.; Leknes, H.; Lund, E.

PFAS - Comparison of MS/MS and MS-TOF techniques and two extraction methods on lean and fatty fish. NILU PP

Huber, S.; Lacina, O.; Hradkova, P.; Pulkrabova, J.; Herzke, D.; Kallenborn, R.; Hajslova, J.

Characterization of exposure pathways to PBDEs and HBCD - comparing exposure estimates with biomonitoring. NILU F

Thomsen, C.; Haug, L.S.; Frøshaug, M.; Huber, S.; Schlabach, M.; Becher, G.

Introduction
Brominated flame retardants such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and
hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are well known to be present in indoor air and dust and
contribute to human exposure. However, the influence of indoor contamination on human body
burdens is not fully understood. Some recent studies have suggested that for many individuals
indoor exposures may be comparable to or greater than the dietary intake. The aim of this study
was to characterize exposure pathways to PBDEs and HBCD and compare exposure estimates
with biomonitoring.
Materials and Methods
A study group of 41 female volunteers from the greater Oslo area, Norway was established.
Informed consent was obtained from all the participants and the project was approved by the
Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics. Samples of house dust as well as indoor air
from the women¿s residences were collected between February and May 2008. The women also
donated serum samples and completed a questionnaire covering demographic information, life
style factors as well as dietary habits. PBDEs and HBCD were determined in all samples types.
Results and discussion
The sum of six tri- to hexa BDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154) in the women¿s serum
ranged from 0.67 to 30 ng/g lipids, while BDE-209 ranged from 0.46 to 11 ng/g lipids. Of these
PBDEs, only BDE-28 and 47 were found above LOQ in air, in concentrations ranging from
0.78-58 and 1.3-63 ng/m3, respectively. In addition BDE-66 and BDE-49/71 were occasionally
detected. In house dust, the sum 6 PBDEs ranged from 9.3 to 662 ng/g, while the sum of ¿, ß,
and ¿-HBCD ranged from 55-2808 ng/g. Individual PBDE congeners were well correlated
within each sample type. Significant correlations were also found between individual PBDE
concentrations in air and dust as well as between sum 6 PBDE in dust and sum 6 PBDE in
serum. Assuming an ingestion of house dust of 50 mg per day, the intake of sum 6 PBDE ranged
from 0.008 to 0.47 ng/kg bw/day (mean 0.064 ng/kg bw/day). The corresponding value for sum
HBCD was 0.039-2.2 ng/kg bw/day (mean 0.30 ng/kg bw/day). The intake from food has not
been assessed in this cohort yet, but ongoing multivariate regression analyses point to
statistically significant associations between serum concentrations of PBDEs and some variables
in the indoor environment as well as the diet. The dietary intake was estimated to range from
0.14-3.6 ng/kg bw/day (mean 1.1 ng/kg bw/day) for sum 7 PBDEs (sum 6 PBDE + BDE-183)
and 0.06-0.87 (mean 0.27 ng/kg bw/day) for sum HBCD in one of our previous studies on
persons exposed to background contaminated food in Norway. These preliminary findings
suggest that exposure from house dust is important with respect to body burdens of BFRs,
HBCD in particular.

Dicyclohexylamine: discovery of an environmental contaminant using in-silico screening tools.

Malmvärn, A.; Kierkegaard, A.; Radke, M.; Alsberg, T.; McLachlan MS, Arnot, J.; Breivik, K.; Brown, T.; Wania F.

The search for alternative aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) with a low environmental impact: physiological and transcriptomic effects of two Forafac® fluorosurfactants in turbot.

Hagenaars, A.; Meyer, I.J.; Herzke, D.; Pardo, B.G.; Martinez, P.; Pabon, M.; De Coen, W.; Knapen, D.

A generalised model for traffic induced road dust emissions. Model description and evaluation.

Berger, J.; Denby, B.

Modeling of short chain chlorinated paraffins in the Nordic environment. NILU PP

Krogseth, I.S.; Breivik,K.; Schlabach, M.; Wania, F.; Arnot, J.

Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), also called polychlorinated n-alkanes, are mixtures of compounds of molecular formula CxH2x+2-yCly containing 10-13 carbon atoms and usually 30-70 % degree of chlorination. They have a range of industrial applications, and have been detected in numerous environmental compartments. There is concern regarding SCCPs due to their environmental persistence and their potential for bioaccumulation, adverse effects and long-range transport. SCCPs have been included in the UNECE LRTAP Convention, the priority substance list of the European Water Framework Directive, and are under consideration for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. However, the behaviour and fate of SCCPs remain poorly understood, in part as the technical mixtures consist of thousands of isomers, enantiomers and diastereomers, which make analysis and modelling of these compounds very challenging. The purpose of this study was to explore a complementary modelling and monitoring approach to evaluate the overall understanding of the link between emissions of SCCPs, environmental levels and human exposure in the Nordic environment and to identify the more critical knowledge gaps. Data for emissions and physicochemical properties of SCCPs were gathered or estimated, and used to parameterize an integrated, non-steady state environmental fate and bioaccumulation model (CoZMoMan). Specific congeners of SCCPs were selected for the study to assess the extent of expected variation of environmental fate and behaviour within the multitude of compounds. Model results were next compared to reported environmental levels in the Nordic region. For compartments where environmental levels were scarce or lacking, targeted sampling and analysis was carried out to further evaluate the model predictions. Results from this study will be presented and discussed with emphasis on the more critical research needs with respect to the overall fate and exposure of SCCPs.

Assesment of wind, snow and seasalt. Hammerfest 2009-2010. NILU OR

Tønnesen, D.

NILU has made an assesment of windconditions, amount of snow and seasalt impact in Hammerfest. The assesment has been made on behalf of Statnett connected to a projected construction of power supply network.

Monitoring particulate matter from Aquarock stone crushing facility at Sandnessjøen during the period 28.06.2010 - 07.02.2011. NILU OR

Haugsbakk, I.

NILU has monitored particulate matter around Aquarock stone crushing facility at Sandnessjøen during the period 28.06.2010 - 07.02.2011. The monitoring results show exceedance of guidelines regarding dust fall 600 m northwest of the activity.

Differences between Arctic and Atlantic fjord systems on bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in zooplankton from Svalbard.

Hallanger, I.G.; Ruus, A.; Warner, N.A.; Herzke, D.; Evenset, A.; Schøyen, M.; Gabrielsen, G.W.; Borgå, K.

Monitoring meteorological and air quality parameters in Sauda during the period of 01.04. - 30.09.2010. NILU OR

Haugsbakk, I.

NILU has carried out a monitoring program regarding meteorology and air quality in Sauda during the periode 01.04.-30.09.2010. Filters have been investigated regarding several metallic compounds.

Atmospheric chemistry of 2-aminoethanol (MEA).

Nielsen,C.J.; D'Anna, B.; Dye, C.; Graus, M.; Karl, M.; King, S.; Maguto, M.M.; Müller, M.; Schmidbauer, N.; Stenstrøm, Y.; Wisthaler, A.; Pedersen, S.

WMO/GAW expert workshop on global long-term measurements of nitrogen oxides and recommendations for GAW nitrogen oxides network. Hohenpeissenberg, Germany, 8-9 October 2009. GAW - Global atmosphere watch, 195

Penkett, S.; Gilge, S.; Plass-Duelmer, C.; Galbally, I.; Brough, N.; Bottenheim, J.; Flock, F.; Gerwig, H.; Lee, J.; Milton, M.; Rohrer, F.; Ryerson, T.; Steinbacher, M.; Tørseth, K.; Wielgosz, R.