Publications

Ammonia.

Lövblad, G.; Tarrasón, L.; Tørseth, K.

An actionable annotation scoring framework for gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry

Koelmel, Jeremy P.; Xie, Hongyu; Price, Elliott J.; Lin, Elizabeth; Manz, Katherine E.; Stelben, Paul J.; Paige, Matthew K.; Papazian, Stefano; Okeme, Joseph; Jones, Dean P.; Barupal, Dinesh Kumar; Bowden, John; Rostkowski, Pawel Marian; Pennell, Kurt D.; Nikiforov, Vladimir; Wang, Thanh; Hu, Xin; Lai, Yunjia; Miller, Gary W.; Walker, Douglas; Martin, Jonathan W.; Pollitt, Krystal J. Godri

Omics-based technologies have enabled comprehensive characterization of our exposure to environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) as well as assessment of the corresponding biological responses at the molecular level (eg, metabolome, lipidome, proteome, and genome). By systematically measuring personal exposures and linking these stimuli to biological perturbations, researchers can determine specific chemical exposures of concern, identify mechanisms and biomarkers of toxicity, and design interventions to reduce exposures. However, further advancement of metabolomics and exposomics approaches is limited by a lack of standardization and approaches for assigning confidence to chemical annotations. While a wealth of chemical data is generated by gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), incorporating GC-HRMS data into an annotation framework and communicating confidence in these assignments is challenging. It is essential to be able to compare chemical data for exposomics studies across platforms to build upon prior knowledge and advance the technology. Here, we discuss the major pieces of evidence provided by common GC-HRMS workflows, including retention time and retention index, electron ionization, positive chemical ionization, electron capture negative ionization, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization spectral matching, molecular ion, accurate mass, isotopic patterns, database occurrence, and occurrence in blanks. We then provide a qualitative framework for incorporating these various lines of evidence for communicating confidence in GC-HRMS data by adapting the Schymanski scoring schema developed for reporting confidence levels by liquid chromatography HRMS (LC-HRMS). Validation of our framework is presented using standards spiked in plasma, and confident annotations in outdoor and indoor air samples, showing a false-positive rate of 12% for suspect screening for chemical identifications assigned as Level 2 (when structurally similar isomers are not considered false positives). This framework is easily adaptable to various workflows and provides a concise means to communicate confidence in annotations. Further validation, refinements, and adoption of this framework will ideally lead to harmonization across the field, helping to improve the quality and interpretability of compound annotations obtained in GC-HRMS.

Oxford University Press

An aerosol particle containing enriched uranium encountered during routine sampling.

Murphy, D.; Froyd, K.; Evangeliou, N.; Stohl, A.

An AI-Enhanced Systematic Review of Climate Adaptation Costs: Approaches and Advancements, 2010–2021

Boero, Riccardo

This study addresses the critical global challenge of climate adaptation by assessing the inadequacies in current methodologies for estimating adaptation costs. Broad assessments reveal a significant investment shortfall in adaptation strategies, highlighting the necessity for precise cost analysis to guide effective policy-making. By employing the PRISMA 2020 protocol and enhancing it with the prismAId tool, this review systematically analyzes the recent evolution of cost assessment methodologies using state-of-the-art generative AI. The AI-enhanced approach facilitates rapid and replicable research extensions. The analysis reveals a significant geographical and sectoral disparity in research on climate adaptation costs, with notable underrepresentation of crucial areas and sectors that are most vulnerable to climate impacts. The study also highlights a predominant reliance on secondary data and a lack of comprehensive uncertainty quantification in economic assessments, suggesting an urgent need for methodological enhancements. It concludes that extending analyses beyond merely verifying that benefits exceed costs is crucial for supporting effective climate adaptation. By assessing the profitability of adaptation investments, it becomes possible to prioritize these investments not only against similar interventions but also across the broader spectrum of public spending.

MDPI

An analysis of the global applicability of Ostrom's design principles to diagnose the functionality of common-pool resource institutions.

Gari, S. R.; Newton, A.; Icely, J. D.; Delgado-Serrano, M. M.

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons.

Stohl, A.; Seibert, P.; Arduini, J.; Eckhardt, S.; Fraser, P.; Greally, B.R.; Lunder, C.; Maione, M.; Muhle, J.; O'Doherty, S.; Prinn, R.G.; Reimann, S.; Saito, T.; Schmidbauer, N.; Simmonds, P.G.; Vollmer, M.K.; Weiss, R.F.; Yokouchi, Y.

An Antarctic research station as a source of brominated and perfluorinated persistent organic pollutants to the local environment.

Wild, S.; McLagan, D.; Schlabach, M.; Bossi, R.; Hawker, D.; Cropp, R.; King, C.K.; Stark, J.S.; Mondon, J.; Nash, S.B.

An assessment of costs and benefits associated with mercury emission reductions from major anthropogenic sources.

Pacyna, J.M.; Sundseth, K.; Pacyna, E.G.; Jozewicz, W.; Munthe, J.; Belhaj, M.; Astrom, S.

An assessment of the contribution of air pollution to the weathering of limestone heritage in Malta

Grøntoft, Terje; Cassar, JoAnn

Springer

An assessment of urban vulnerability in the Amazon Delta and Estuary: a multi-criterion index of flood exposure, socio-economic conditions and infrastructure.

Mansur, A.V.; Brondízio, E.S.; Roy, S.; Hetrick, S.; Vogt, N.D.; Newton, A.

An early warning system for organic materials in museums, historic buildings and archives.

Grøntoft, T.; Dahlin, E.; Henriksen, J.F.; Rentmeister, S.; Hanko, M.; Heinze, J.; Taylor, J.; Blades, N.; Cassar, M.

An ecological assessment of the exposure of Northern predatory bird species to persistent organic pollutants.

Eulaers, I.; Covaci, A.; Halley, D.J. , Herzke, D.; Johnsen, T.V.; Jaspers, V.L.B.; Bustnes, J.O.; Eens, M.

An efficient use of a Lagrangian transport model for atmospheric inversions using satellite observations: case study using TROPOMI to estimate CH4 emissions over Siberia

Krishnankutty, Nalini; Thompson, Rona Louise; Pisso, Ignacio; Schneider, Philipp; Stebel, Kerstin; Sasakawa, Motoki; Platt, Stephen Matthew