Found 9941 publications. Showing page 33 of 398:
Top-down approaches, such as atmospheric inversions, are a promising tool for evaluating emission estimates based on activity-data. In particular, there is a need to examine carbon budgets at subnational scales (e.g. state/province), since this is where the climate mitigation policies occur. In this study, the subnational scale anthropogenic CO2 emissions are estimated using a high-resolution global CO2 inverse model. The approach is distinctive with the use of continuous atmospheric measurements from regional/urban networks along with background monitoring data for the period 2015–2019 in global inversion. The measurements from several urban areas of the U.S., Europe and Japan, together with recent high-resolution emission inventories and data-driven flux datasets were utilized to estimate the fossil emissions across the urban areas of the world. By jointly optimizing fossil fuel and natural fluxes, the model is able to contribute additional information to the evaluation of province–scale emissions, provided that sufficient regional network observations are available. The fossil CO2 emission estimates over the U.S. states such as Indiana, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Virginia and Maryland were found to have a reasonable agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inventory, and the model corrects the emissions substantially towards the EPA estimates for California and Indiana. The emission estimates over the United Kingdom, France and Germany are comparable with the regional inventory TNO–CAMS. We evaluated model estimates using independent aircraft observations, while comparison with the CarbonTracker model fluxes confirms ability to represent the biospheric fluxes. This study highlights the potential of the newly developed inverse modeling system to utilize the atmospheric data collected from the regional networks and other observation platforms for further enhancing the ability to perform top-down carbon budget assessment at subnational scales and support the monitoring and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
2023
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2022. Annual report.
This annual report for 2022 summarizes the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory, situated on Svalbard, during the period 2001-2022, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2022.
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The potential re-design of the current deposition monitoring network in Poland was assessed by hierarchical clustering analysis. This statistical method determines the inherent or natural groupings of datasets, and/or to provide a summarization of data into groups using different metrics to assess the (di)similarity. The metrics are based on the correlation, to assess the temporal similarity, the Euclidean distance, to assess the magnitude similarity, and the combination of both. This method was used to assess the areas with similar deposition patters across the country based on measurement and model data for acidic compounds and heavy metals. The analysis clearly identified stations potentially redundant or measuring unique deposition patters and regions that represent the potential location of a single station.
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