Found 10038 publications. Showing page 1 of 402:
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a well-known air pollutant, mostly elevated by car traffic in cities. To date, small, reliable, cost-efficient multipollutant sensors with sufficient power and accuracy for community-based atmospheric studies are still lacking. The HAPADS (highly accurate and autonomous programmable platforms for providing air pollution data services) platforms, developed and tested in real conditions, can be a possible approach to solving this issue. The developed HAPADS platforms are equipped with three different NO2 sensors (7E4-NO2–5, SGX-7NO2, MICS-2711 MOS) and a combined ambient air temperature, humidity, and pressure sensor (BME280). The platforms were tested during the driving test, which was conducted across various roads, including highways, expressways, and national and regional routes, as well as major cities and the countryside, to analyse the environmental conditions as much as possible (Poland, 2024). The correlation coefficient r was more than 0.8, and RMSE (root mean squared error) was in the 3.3–4.3 μg/m3 range during the calibration process. The results obtained during the driving tests showed R2 of 0.9–1.0, which proves the ability of HAPADS platforms to work in the hard environmental conditions (including high rain and snow, as well as sun and a wide range of temperatures and humidity).
2026
2025
Airborne microplastics on the move: Urban Europe as a source to remote regions
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of unique parallel measurements of surface airborne and deposited microplastics (AMPs) across urban and remote sites in Norway, employing pyrolysis-GC/MS for polymer-specific analysis. MPs were detected in nearly all samples, with significantly higher concentrations and fluxes observed in urban areas like Oslo, where tire wear particles (TWP) dominated (>90 % of AMP mass). Seasonal peaks in TWP coincided with the transition to winter tires, while remote sites showed consistent but lower AMP levels, indicating long-range transport (LRT) from European source regions. Parallel measurements of suspended and deposited AMPs revealed consistent polymer signatures, highlighting common sources and transport pathways. Although urban TWP contributions to PM2.5 were generally low, episodic events reached up to 30 %, raising concerns about human exposure. The dual dataset enabled a robust cross-validation of atmospheric loading estimates and facilitated integration into advanced transport models for remote sites. Our findings confirm AMPs as significant components of urban air pollution and subsequent carriers of chemical and biological contaminants to remote regions, emphasizing the need for targeted monitoring and mitigation strategies.
2025
The semi-annual oscillation (SAO) dominates seasonal variability in the equatorial stratosphere and mesosphere. However, the seasonally dependent modulation of the SAO in the stratosphere (SSAO) and mesosphere (MSAO) by sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the Arctic has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we examine the seasonal evolution of the SAO during 16 major SSW events spanning 2004 to 2024 using the Japanese Atmospheric General Circulation Model for Upper Atmosphere Research Data Assimilation System Whole Neutral Atmosphere Re-analysis (JAWARA). Basic features of the SAO are well captured by JAWARA, as evidenced by the SSAO and MSAO appearing at around 50 km and 85 km, respectively. The different responses of the SAO to early and late winter SSWs are particularly strong during the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2023/24. Early winter SSWs tend to significantly intensify the westward SSAO, while late winter SSWs tend to weaken the eastward SSAO. Similarly, the eastward MSAO is amplified during early winter SSWs, whereas the westward MSAO is slightly weakened during late winter SSWs. The weak MSAO response is probably due to its smaller climatological magnitude. Modulation of the SAO by SSWs is related to meridional temperature changes during SSWs through the thermal wind balance. Our findings contribute to the understanding of coupling between the tropics and high latitudes, as well as interhemispheric coupling.
2025
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in air and precipitation. Annual report 2024
This report presents air monitoring data from 2024 for the Norwegian monitoring programme "Atmospheric contaminants". The results cover 16 groups comprising of 260 organic compounds (regulated and non-regulated) as well as 14 heavy metals, and a selection of organic chemicals of emerging concern.
NILU
2025
2025
Detection of Body Shaming in Social Media: Traditional Machine Learning vs. Transformer-based Models
2025
2025
Quantifying European SF6 emissions from 2005 to 2021 using a large inversion ensemble
Abstract. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a highly potent and long-lived greenhouse gas whose atmospheric concentrations are increasing due to human emissions. In this study, we determine European SF6 emissions from 2005 to 2021 using a large ensemble of atmospheric inversions. To assess uncertainty, we systematically vary key inversion parameters across 986 sensitivity tests and apply a Monte Carlo approach to randomly combine these parameters in 1003 additional inversions. Our analysis focuses on high-emitting countries with robust observational coverage – UK, Germany, France, and Italy – while also examining aggregated EU-27 emissions. SF6 emissions declined across all studied regions except Italy, largely attributed to EU F-gas regulations (2006, 2014), however, national reports underestimated emissions: (i) UK emissions dropped from 68 (47–77) t yr−1 in 2008 to 19 (15–26) t yr−1 in 2018, aligning with the reports from 2018 onward; (ii) French emissions fell from 78 (51–117) t yr−1 (2005) to 35 (19–54) t yr−1 (2021), exceeding reports by 88 %; (iii) Italian emissions fluctuated (25–48 t yr−1), surpassing reports by 107 %; (iv) German emissions declined from 182 (155–251) t yr−1 (2005) to 97 (88–104) t yr−1 (2021), aligning reasonably well with reports; (v) EU-27 emissions decreased from 403 (335–501) t yr−1 (2005) to 225 (191–260) t yr−1 (2021), exceeding reports by 20 %. A substantial drop from 2017 to 2018 mirrored the trend in southern Germany, suggesting regional actions were taken as the 2014 EU regulation took effect. Our sensitivity tests highlight the crucial role of dense monitoring networks in improving inversion reliability. The UK system expansions (2012, 2014) significantly enhanced result robustness, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive observational networks in refining emission estimates.
2025
Revidert tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Tromsø
Stiftelsen NILU har, i samarbeid med Transportøkonomisk institutt (TØI), utarbeidet en revidert tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Tromsø kommune for perioden 2025 til 2030. Arbeidet omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten basert på trafikk-, utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO2 for Dagens situasjon 2023, Referansesituasjonen 2030 og 2030 med tiltak. Det er beregnet risiko for overskridelse av dagens grenseverdier i forurensningsforskriften og for grenseverdier i nytt EU-direktiv som ennå ikke er tatt inn i norsk lovgiving.
NILU
2025
Denne rapporten beskriver en studie utført av NILU for Nordre Follo kommune, med støtte fra Folkehelseinstituttet. Målet var å prøve uhildet kartlegging som metode for å undersøke hvilke organisk-kjemiske forbindelser som finnes i nedbørfeltet til drikkevannskilden Gjersjøen. Som del av dette ønsket vi også å identifisere forbindelser som forårsaker feilaktige, store utslag i nitratsensorer. Ved bruk av høyoppløselig massespektrometri og miljøforensiske metoder ble 163 markører identifisert, inkludert aspirin, kreatin og kreatinin, knyttet til kloakkforurensning under kraftig nedbør. Funnene gir innsikt i kjemisk interferens og kan forbedre overvåkingssystemer og vannforvaltning.
NILU
2025
Ikke-spesifikk screening av støv fra norske husholdninger
Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra en ikke-spesifikk screening av husstøv fra norske hjem. Totalt ble 203 kjemiske forbindelser identifisert, med ftalater som den mest dominerende stoffgruppen. Flere av de påviste stoffene er kjent som hormonforstyrrende, nevrotoksiske eller klassifisert som persistente, mobile og toksiske (PMT). Resultatene viser et endret stoffmønster sammenlignet med tidligere studier og understreker behovet for videre overvåkning av innemiljø, forskning på cocktail-effekter og bedre regulering av forbrukerprodukter.
NILU
2025
NO2-måling i omgivelsene til Eramet Sauda
På oppdrag fra Eramet Sauda AS har NILU utført målinger av NO2 i omgivelsene til smelteverket i Sauda. Målingene ble utført med NOx-monitor ved Birkelandsvegen nordøst for bedriften. I tillegg ble NO2 målt med passive prøvetakere ved 3 steder i Sauda. Måleperioden varte fra 30. august 2024 til 10. mars 2025. Norske grenseverdier for luftkvalitet (NO2) og luftkvalitetskriterier ble overholdt ved Birkelandsvegen for alle midlingsperioder. Formålet med prosjektet var å vurdere effekten av det nye energigjenvinningsanlegget (bestående av 7 gassmotorer) på NO2 konsentrasjonen. Det ble ikke funnet noen sammenheng mellom vindretning fra sør-sørvest (fra bedriften mot målestasjonen), motordrift og NO2 konsentrasjonene målt ved måleboden.
NILU
2025
Data Report 2023. Particulate matter, carbonaceous and inorganic compounds
This report presents an overview of annual statistical summaries and methods for sampling and analysis of particulate matter, carbonaceous and inorganic compounds measured under the EMEP monitoring programme in 2023.
NILU
2025
This report documents the EMEP VOC monitoring carried out in 2023. The levels of the measured species in 2023 are presented as well as the 2023-status and history of the VOC programme. The geographical pattern of the species in Europe is discussed as well as the long-term trend during the last 20 years.
NILU
2025
This report gives an overview of annual statistics and results from the monitoring programme of ozone in EMEP 2023.
NILU
2025
Biomethanol as a Marine Fuel Within Land Use Sustainability Boundaries
Global shipping is an essential, energy-efficient enabler of trade, yet it remains a hard-to-abate sector. With shipping demand projected to continue to rise in the coming decades, identifying scalable and sustainable fuel alternatives is critical. Biofuels, and particularly biomethanol, offer a promising option due to their compatibility with existing infrastructure. However, their sustainability critically hinges on land use impacts. From this Perspective, we argue that biomethanol derived from a dedicated crop could contribute to maritime decarbonisation, with ~71–77% well-to-wake greenhouse gases (GHG) reductions under cropland-only constraints. We further point to the fact that a wider adoption faces challenges such as higher costs, limited availability, and lower energy density relative to fossil fuels. Continued research and monitoring are essential to ensure that biofuel production does not inadvertently contribute to deforestation or biodiversity loss. We underscore the need for spatially sensitive biofuel deployment strategies that align maritime decarbonisation with land-system sustainability and climate objectives.
2025
2025
Fine particulate matter (PM) poses a major threat to public health, with organic aerosol (OA) being a key component. Major OA sources, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), and oxygenated OA (OOA), have distinct health and environmental impacts. However, OA source apportionment via positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) or aerosol chemical speciation monitoring (ACSM) data is costly and limited to a few supersites, leaving over 80% of OA data uncategorized in global monitoring networks. To address this gap, we trained machine learning models to predict HOA, BBOA, and OOA using limited OA source apportionment data and widely available organic carbon (OC) measurements across Europe (2010–2019). Our best performing model expanded the OA source data set 4-fold, yielding 85 000 daily apportionment values across 180 sites. Results show that HOA and BBOA peak in winter, particularly in urban areas, while OOA, consistently the dominant fraction, is more regionally distributed with less seasonal variability. This study provides a significantly expanded OA source data set, enabling better identification of pollution hotspots and supporting high-resolution exposure assessments.
2025
Heavy metals and POP measurements 2023
This report presents an overview of the annual statistics and results from the monitoring programme of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in EMEP in 2023.
NILU
2025