Found 10118 publications. Showing page 1 of 405:
2026
2026
Evaluating the role of low-cost sensors in machine learning based European PM2.5 monitoring
We evaluate the added value of integrating validated Low-Cost Sensor (LCS) data into a Machine Learning (ML) framework for providing surface PM2.5 estimates over Central Europe at 1 km spatial resolution. The synergistic ML-based S-MESH (Satellite and ML-based Estimation of Surface air quality at High resolution) approach is extended, to incorporate LCS data through two strategies: using validated LCS data as a target variable (LCST) and as an input feature via an inverse distance weighted spatial convolution layer (LCSI). Both strategies are implemented within a stacked XGBoost model that ingests satellite-derived aerosol optical depth, meteorological variables, and CAMS (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service) regional forecasts. Model performance for 2021–2022 is evaluated against a baseline trained on air quality monitoring stations without any form of LCS integration. Our results indicate that the LCSI approach consistently outperforms both the baseline and LCST models, particularly in urban areas, with RMSE reductions of up to 15–20 %. It also exhibits higher accuracy than the CAMS regional interim reanalysis with a lower annual mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.68 μg/m3 compared to 3.32 μg/m3. SHapley Additive exPlanations based analysis indicates that LCSI information improves both spatial and temporal representativeness, with the LCSI strategy better capturing localized pollution dynamics. However, the LCSI's dependency on the spatial LCS layer limits its ability to capture inter-urban pollution transport in regions with sparse or no LCS data. These findings highlight the value of large-scale sensor networks in addressing spatial coverage gaps in official air quality monitoring stations and advancing high-resolution air quality modeling.
2026
New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are gaining significant momentum globally to reduce animal testing and enhance the efficiency and human relevance of chemical safety assessment. Even with substantial EU commitment from regulatory agencies and the academic community, the full regulatory adoption of NAMs remains a distant prospect. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the academic world, oriented toward NAMs development, and regulatory agencies, focused on practical application, frequently operate in separate spheres. Addressing this disconnect, the present paper, developed within the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC), provides a clear overview of both the available non-animal tests and current evaluation practices for genotoxic and carcinogenic hazard assessment, while simultaneously highlighting existing regulatory needs, gaps, and challenges toward greater human health protection and the replacement of animal testing through NAMs adoption.
The analysis reveals a complex landscape: while the EU is deeply committed to developing and adopting NAMs, as outlined in its Chemical Strategy for Sustainability and supported by initiatives like PARC, prescriptive regulations such as Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) and Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) still heavily mandate in vivo animal data for hazard classification, particularly for germ cell mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. This reliance creates a “too-short-blanket-problem,” where efforts to reduce animal testing may impact human health protection because of the current in vivo-based classification criteria. In contrast, sectors such as cosmetics and certain European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)-regulated products demonstrate greater flexibility toward progressive integration of NAMs. While the deep mechanistic understanding of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity has significantly advanced the integration of alternatives to animal tests into regulatory chemical hazard assessment, their broader and full implementation faces considerable challenges due to both scientific complexities (i.e., the development and validation of fit-for-purpose NAMs) and existing legislative provisions.
2026
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a well-known air pollutant, mostly elevated by car traffic in cities. To date, small, reliable, cost-efficient multipollutant sensors with sufficient power and accuracy for community-based atmospheric studies are still lacking. The HAPADS (highly accurate and autonomous programmable platforms for providing air pollution data services) platforms, developed and tested in real conditions, can be a possible approach to solving this issue. The developed HAPADS platforms are equipped with three different NO2 sensors (7E4-NO2–5, SGX-7NO2, MICS-2711 MOS) and a combined ambient air temperature, humidity, and pressure sensor (BME280). The platforms were tested during the driving test, which was conducted across various roads, including highways, expressways, and national and regional routes, as well as major cities and the countryside, to analyse the environmental conditions as much as possible (Poland, 2024). The correlation coefficient r was more than 0.8, and RMSE (root mean squared error) was in the 3.3–4.3 μg/m3 range during the calibration process. The results obtained during the driving tests showed R2 of 0.9–1.0, which proves the ability of HAPADS platforms to work in the hard environmental conditions (including high rain and snow, as well as sun and a wide range of temperatures and humidity).
2026
Alors que le dépassement du seuil des +1,5°C est désormais inévitable, pour limiter le réchauffement climatique, une nouvelle technique voit peu à...
2025
Ozean als Klimaretter? Neue CO₂-Technologien wecken große Hoffnungen – und große Sorgen
Der Ozean soll gezielt CO₂ binden und das Klima stabilisieren – doch Forscher warnen vor unklaren Folgen und fehlender Kontrolle.
2025
Geoengineering skulle kunna skapa ett mer orättvist klimat
Världens klimatsystem hänger ihop, så geoengineering för bättre klimat i en region kan påverka andra regioner negativt. Men vem styr och tar beslut om ...
2025
Ocean carbon capture isn’t ready to clean up our mess, report finds
Scientists say ocean carbon capture isn’t ready for prime time and warn deep emissions cuts still have to come first
2025
Tore har 52 flyreiser på ett år: – Flaut
Tore Christian Sævold lever et dobbeltliv. I ti år har han pendlet fra Stockholm til Bergen for å holde liv i skuespillerkarrieren.
2025
Nye funn om norsk olje: - Ender opp i maten vi spiser
En ny utredning viser at norsk olje og gass bidrar til millioner av tonn med plast hvert år. Klimaforsker er bekymret for effektene.
2025
Oceans pull carbon from air; world not ready to scale up technologies - India Today
Some emissions, especially from aviation, shipping and heavy industry, are nearly impossible to eliminate entirely.
2025
Rest of World News: Ocean carbon removal, touted as a climate solution, faces significant hurdles. A new EU report cautions that these unproven technologies lack evidence
2025
Plan hopes to capture carbon by tapping the ocean's power - Earth.com
A look at how ocean carbon removal fits into climate plans and why experts say strong safeguards are needed before it can scale.
2025
Kan vi bruke havet til å fange karbon?
Havet kan spille en rolle i arbeidet med å fjerne CO2 fra atmosfæren for å begrense farlig global oppvarming.
2025
New report reveals major risks in turning oceans into carbon sinks | ScienceDaily
Experts say the ocean could help absorb carbon dioxide, but today’s technologies are too uncertain to be scaled up safely. New findings released during COP30 highlight the risks of rushing into marine carbon removal without proper monitoring and verification. With the 1.5°C threshold approaching, researchers stress that emissions cuts must remain the top priority. Ocean-based methods may play a role later, but they need careful oversight first.
2025
Høfligere tone kan få flere forskere til å delta i samfunnsdebatten
Forskere må delta i samfunnsdebatten, men mange kvier seg. En høfligere tone i ordskiftet kan være nøkkelen til at flere tør å bruke stemmen sin, særlig i møte med digital hets og økende polarisering.
2025
New EU Report Calls For Strict mCDR MRV Rules
A new EU report warns that currently, no mCDR technology has enough proof of CDR performance and impact to be deemed safe for deployment.
2025
Over halvparten av klimaforskerne har blitt hetset og trakassert
Klimaforskere er blant forskerne som blir mest utsatt for hets og trakassering, viser svensk rapport. Den norske klimaforskeren Helene Muri er ikke overrasket.
2025
2025
2025