Found 2162 publications. Showing page 66 of 217:
Real-world application of new sensor technologies for air quality monitoring. ETC/ACM Technical Paper, 2013/16
2013
For retrieval of ash mass loading from infrared satellite measurements, estimates of the ash cloud temperature and the surface temperature are required. The ash cloud temperature and surface temperature may be taken from satellite measurements, weather model forecast, or deduced by satellite retrievals.
The report describes various methods to estimate the ash cloud temperatue and surface temperature. The impact of varying cloud temperature and surface temperature on the signal measured by an IR-sensor in space is investigated.
2013
Satellite-based measurements of volcanic ash give the total amount of volcanic ash per area, typically in units of grams of volcanic ash per square meter. To convert this to concentration the vertical thickness of the ash cloud is needed. The ash cloud thickness is not available from passive remote sensors, e.g. IR-sensors, but may be obtained from ground- and space-based lidars. Dispersion models will also provide information of the ash thickness.
This report gives an overview of volcanic ash cloud thickness as observed by space, aircraft and ground-based lidars. Also, ash cloud thickness as simulated by the Flexpart particle dispersion model is analysed. The impact of varying cloud thickness on the signal measured by IR-sensor in space is investigated. Focus is on the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption for which a unique wealth of data are available.
2013
Measurement of volcanic ash in Norwegian air space. WP 1.4.2 Improved detection of ash clouds. NILU OR
Water and ice clouds and temperature conditions may often influence the detection of volcanic ash affected pixels in infrared satellite images. Several methods are available for the detection of ash clouds in SEVIRI images. Manual adjustments to the methods are often needed for a given ash situation. The report describes various methods for detection of ash affected pixels. A quantitative comparison of the methods is made based on synthetic SEVIRI images from the 2010 Eyafjallajokull eruption.
2013
Modellering av vulkanaske i norsk luftfrom. Pkt. 1.3 Enkle forbedringer av utslippsestimat. NILU OR
The report describes how a transport model is used to simulate the emission of ash from volcanic eruptions and how the ash emissions can be described in the model. A number of methods for calculating ash emissions are presented and the development of improved ash emissions by manual analysis of satellite data is presented.
2013
Atmospheric supply of nitrogen, lead, cadmium, mercury and dioxines/furans to the Baltic Sea in 2011. Summary Report for HELCOM. EMEP/MSC-W Technical report, 2/2013
2013
Deposition of air pollutants around the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic in 2011. OSPAR monitoring and assessment, 597/2013
2013
Air quality near E6 at Jessheim. NILU OR
NILU has assesed air quality at a proposed site for a hospital close to E6 at Jessheim. Based upon traffic volume, emission factors and local meteorology, concentrations of NO2 and PM10 have been modelled. The results have been compared to 'Guidelines for air quality in area planning' and the 'Red' and 'Yellow' air quality areas have been presented on a map.
2013
The nikkel smelters in NW Russia close to the Norwegian border emits large quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals. These emissions lead to enhanced concentrations of environmental pollutants in the border areas, also at the Norwegian side of the border. This report is part of the national environmental monitoring program and includes air quality monitoring, precipitation chemistry and meteorology.
2013