Found 9883 publications. Showing page 325 of 396:
Survey of emissions of volatile organic chemicals from handheld toys for children above 3 years
NILU
2020
Grenseområdene Norge-Russland. Luft- og nedbørkvalitet, årsrapport 2019.
The nickel smelters in northwest-Russia emit large quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and heavy metals. These emissions lead to enhanced concentrations of environmental pollutants in the border areas. The monitoring programme shows that air quality in the border areas was in compliance with Norwegian critical levels for SO2 for the calendar year 2019, as well as for seasonal mean for winter 2018/19. In January 2019, there were two episodes with elevated concentrations of SO2 at Svanvik. At 25 January 2019, the local population was notified by SMS. Target values for Ni and As were met.
NILU
2020
2020
2020
Regionalized environmental impacts of construction machinery
PURPOSE:
This study aims to establish a regionalized environmental impact assessment of construction machinery equipped with diesel engines certified by the European emission standard Stage V, and operated in cold climatic zones in Europe.
METHOD:
The study quantifies potential environmental impacts associated with construction machinery over the entire lifecycle, from extraction of materials to the end-of-life. For the operation phase, a meso-level emission accounting method is applied to quantify tailpipe emissions for certain subcategories of construction machinery. This is achieved by determining the operational efficiency of each machine in terms of effective hours. The quantified emission data are then adjusted based on engine deterioration models to estimate the rate of increase in emissions throughout the lifetime of each machine. Finally, the CML impact assessment method is applied to inventory data to quantify potential environmental impacts.
RESULTS:
The study shows that tailpipe emissions, which largely depend on an engine’s fuel consumption, had the largest contribution to environmental impacts in most impact categories. At the same time, there was a positive correlation between the operation weight and the impacts of the machinery. Also, machinery with similar operation weight had relatively similar impact patterns due to similar driving factors and dependencies. In addition, network, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses were performed to quantify the source of impacts and validate the robustness of the study. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the responsiveness of the studied systems is very sensitive to changes in the amount of fuel consumption. In addition, the uncertainty results showed that the domain of uncertainty increased as the operation weight subcategory of machinery increased.
CONCLUSION:
This study extends previous work on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of construction machinery, and the methodology developed provides a basis for future extension and improvement in this field. The use of effective hours as the unit of operational efficiency helps to resolve uncertainties linked to lifetime and annual operation hours. Also, the obtained results can be of use for decision support and for assessing the impacts of transition from fossil fuels to alternative fuel types.
2020
Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway. Annual Report 2020.
Denne rapporten omhandler resultater fra overvåkningsprogrammet for langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør og atmosfæriske tilførsler i 2020. Rapporten presenterer målinger av uorganiske hovedkomponentene i luft og nedbør, partikulært karbonholdig materiale, partikkelmasse og bakkenært ozon. Forurensningsnivået i 2020 var generelt lavt noe som delvis kan forklares med spesielle værforhold de første månedene med hovedsakelig ren, marin luft fra vest. De omfattende restriksjonene på menneskelig aktivitet i forbindelse med pandemien i Europa, har trolig også bidratt til lavere nivåer av luftforurensninger på de norske bakgrunnsstasjonene. I 2020 ble det observert en uvanlig omfattende episode med høye konsentrasjoner av luftforurensing på alle stasjoner.
NILU
2021
2021
Effects of rocket launches in Ny-Ålesund, 2018 - 2019. Observations of snow and air samples.
Rapporten oppsummerer resultatene fra ekstra analyser av snøprøver samt pågående overvåkingsaktiviteter i forbindelse med rakettoppskytingen i Ny-Ålesund 7. desember 2018, 26. november 2019 og 10. desember 2019 for å dokumentere mulige påvirkninger av rakettoppskyting på miljøet og overvåkingsaktivitetene i Ny-Ålesund. Det observeres en økt avsetning av Al og Fe i Ny-Ålesund-området som skyldes utslipp fra rakettoppskytingen.
NILU
2021
The NextGEOSS Cold Region pilot: Improved discoverability and access to polar data
GEO Cold Regions coordinates global efforts to provide Earth Observation (EO) products and services to science, decision- and policy-makers with a vested interest in the cryosphere (in particular) and the environment (in general) of polar regions and mountain areas around the world. The NextGEOSS Cold Regions Pilot focuses on three areas: (1) the Arctic/Svalbard region, (2) Antarctica, and (3) the Himalayan glaciers, linking together satellite and in situ data from the targeted regions, including the atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial domains, and making them available in the NextGEOSS Data Hub and the NextGEOSS Cold Regions Community Portal. The pilot liaise with ongoing initiatives such as SIOS, GEOCRI, WMO GCW, as well as national programs in Antarctica. The products resulting from the Cold Regions pilot can be used to develop Information Services for the Cold Regions Initiative, using the NextGEOSS system and making use of existing interoperability standards. This presentation will introduce the first version of the Cold Regions Community Portal, aiming to make polar data relevant for Cold Regions more easily discoverable and accessible for users.
2021
2021
2021
As the leading climate mode of wintertime climate variability over Europe, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been extensively studied over the last decades. Recently, studies highlighted the state of the Eurasian cryosphere as a possible predictor for the wintertime NAO. However, missing correlation between snow cover and wintertime NAO in climate model experiments and strong non-stationarity of this link in reanalysis data are questioning the causality of this relationship.
Here we use the large ensemble of Atmospheric Seasonal Forecasts of the 20th Century (ASF-20C) with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model, focusing on the winter season. Besides the main 110-year ensemble of 51 members, we investigate a second, perturbed ensemble of 21 members where initial (November) land conditions over the Northern Hemisphere are swapped from neighboring years. The Eurasian snow–NAO linkage is examined in terms of a longitudinal snow depth dipole across Eurasia. Subsampling the perturbed forecast ensemble and contrasting members with high and low initial snow dipole conditions, we found that their composite difference indicates more negative NAO states in the following winter (DJF) after positive west-to-east snow depth gradients at the beginning of November. Surface and atmospheric forecast anomalies through the troposphere and stratosphere associated with the anomalous positive snow dipole consist of colder early winter surface temperatures over eastern Eurasia, an enhanced Ural ridge and increased vertical energy fluxes into the stratosphere, with a subsequent negative NAO-like signature in the troposphere. We thus confirm the existence of a causal connection between autumn snow patterns and subsequent winter circulation in the ASF-20C forecasting system.
2021
2021
2021
2021
2021
The report provides the annual update of the European air quality concentration maps and population exposure estimates for human health related indicators of pollutants PM10 (annual average, 90.4 percentile of daily means), PM2.5 (annual average), ozone (93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8-hour means, SOMO35, SOMO10) and NO2 (annual average), and vegetation related ozone indicators (AOT40 for vegetation and for forests) for the year 2019. The report contains also Phytotoxic ozone dose (POD) for wheat, potato and tomato maps and NOx annual average map for 2019. The POD map for tomato is presented for the first time in this regular mapping report. The trends in exposure estimates in the period 2005–2019 are summarized. The analysis is based on the interpolation of the annual statistics of the 2019 observational data reported by the EEA member and cooperating countries and other voluntary reporting countries and stored in the Air Quality e-reporting database. The mapping method is the Regression – Interpolation – Merging Mapping (RIMM). It combines monitoring data, chemical transport model results and other supplementary data using linear regression model followed by kriging of its residuals (residual kriging). The paper presents the mapping results and gives an uncertainty analysis of the interpolated maps. It also presents concentration change in 2019 in comparison to the five-year average 2014-2018 using the difference maps.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Ren luft for alle. ExtraStiftelsen project 2019/HE1-263918.
In 2019, in the framework of Oslo being European Green Capital, NILU invited students from elementary schools to
measure air pollution in their neighbourhood, using simple and affordable measuring methods based on paper and
Vaseline. The students prepared the measuring devices and selected the places where they wanted to monitor. After one
week, they retrieved the devices and used a scale to compare the amount of dust fastened to the Vaseline. All of the data
gathered by the students was uploaded by the teachers to a website (https://luftaforalle.nilu.no/), where a map showed all the results from the participating schools. The school campaign has helped researchers to get data on particulate matter from many places where data was not available, and has increased awareness among the children about the sustainability challenges cities are facing.
NILU
2021