Skip to content
  • Submit

  • Category

  • Sort by

  • Per page

Found 9794 publications. Showing page 4 of 392:

Publication  
Year  
Category

Addressing the advantages and limitations of using Aethalometer data to determine the optimal absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) values for eBC source apportionment

Savadkoohi, Marjan; Gerras, Mohamed; Favez, Olivier; Petit, Jean-Eudes; Rovira, Jordi; Chen, Gang I.; Via, Marta; Platt, Stephen Matthew; Aurela, Minna; Chazeau, Benjamin; De Brito, Joel F.; Riffault, Véronique; Eleftheriadis, Kostas; Flentje, Harald; Gysel-Beer, Martin; Hueglin, Christoph; Rigler, Martin; Gregorič, Asta; Ivančič, Matic; Keernik, Hannes; Maasikmets, Marek; Liakakou, Eleni; Stavroulas, Iasonas; Luoma, Krista; Marchand, Nicolas; Mihalopoulos, Nikos; Petäjä, Tuukka; Prévôt, André S.H.; Daellenbach, Kaspar R.; Vodička, Petr; Timonen, Hilkka; Tobler, Anna; Vasilescu, Jeni; Dandocsi, Andrei; Mbengue, Saliou; Vratolis, Stergios; Zografou, Olga; Chauvigné, Aurélien; Hopke, Philip K.; Querol, Xavier; Alastuey, Andrés; Pandolfi, Marco

The apportionment of equivalent black carbon (eBC) to combustion sources from liquid fuels (mainly fossil; eBCLF) and solid fuels (mainly non-fossil; eBCSF) is commonly performed using data from Aethalometer instruments (AE approach). This study evaluates the feasibility of using AE data to determine the absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) for liquid fuels (AAELF) and solid fuels (AAESF), which are fundamental parameters in the AE approach. AAEs were derived from Aethalometer data as the fit in a logarithmic space of the six absorption coefficients (470–950 nm) versus the corresponding wavelengths. The findings indicate that AAELF can be robustly determined as the 1st percentile (PC1) of AAE values from fits with R2 > 0.99. This R2-filtering was necessary to remove extremely low and noisy-driven AAE values commonly observed under clean atmospheric conditions (i.e., low absorption coefficients). Conversely, AAESF can be obtained from the 99th percentile (PC99) of unfiltered AAE values. To optimize the signal from solid fuel sources, winter data should be used to calculate PC99, whereas summer data should be employed for calculating PC1 to maximize the signal from liquid fuel sources. The derived PC1 (AAELF) and PC99 (AAESF) values ranged from 0.79 to 1.08, and 1.45 to 1.84, respectively. The AAESF values were further compared with those constrained using the signal at mass-to-charge 60 (m/z 60), a tracer for fresh biomass combustion, measured using aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) instruments deployed at 16 sites. Overall, the AAESF values obtained from the two methods showed strong agreement, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.78. However, uncertainties in both approaches may vary due to site-specific sources, and in certain environments, such as traffic-dominated sites, neither approach may be fully applicable.

Elsevier

2025

Revisjon av indikatorer for tilstandsvurdering av miljø og økosystem i norske havområder — Gruppen for overvåking av de marine økosystemene

Skern-Mauritzen, Mette; Andersson, Ingvild; Arneberg, Per; Sanchez-Borque, Jorge; Christensen, Kai Håkon; Danielsen, Ida Kristin; Ersvik, Mihaela; Frantzen, Sylvia; Frie, Anne Kirstine Højholt; Frigstad, Helene; Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar; Gundersen, Kjell; Hanssen, Sveinn Are; Heimstad, Eldbjørg Sofie; Husa, Vivian; Jensen, Henning; Jensen, Louise Kiel; Johansson, Josefina; Johnsen, Hanne; Leiknes, Øystein; Lindeman, Ingunn Hoel; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon; van der Meeren, Gro Ingleid; Moe, Øyvind Grøner; Mørk, Herdis Langøy; Nesse, Steinar; Anker-Nilsen, Tycho; Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla; Nordgård, Ida Kessel; Pettersson, Lasse; Roland, Rune; Schøyen, Merete; Skjerdal, Hilde Kristin; Stene, Kristine Orset; Thorsnes, Terje; Vee, Ida; Wasbotten, Ingar

Havforskningsinstituttet

2025

Towards an integrated data-driven infrastructure (InfraNor)

Denkmann, Rudolf; Aas, Wenche; Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik; Berge, Jørgen; Storvold, Rune; Godøy, Øystein ; Isaksen, Kjetil; Fjæraa, Ann Mari; Gulbrandsen, Njål; Christiansen, Hanne H; Gallet, Jean-Charles; Mevold, Kjetil; Malnes, Eirik; Ravolainen, Virve; Schuler, Thomas; Tømmervik, Hans; Nilsen, Frank; Fer, Ilker; Sivertsen, Agnar Holten; Jawak, Shridhar Digambar; Lihavainen, Heikki

2025

Nanoplast funnet i isbreer

Solbakken, Christine Forsetlund

Norges forskningsråd

2025

Forurensning gjorde folk dårligere til å tenke

Grythe, Henrik (interview subject); Spilde, Ingrid (journalist)

2025

I vinterferien blir luftkvaliteten nær skolene bedre

Ruud, Ingunn Marie

Norges forskningsråd

2025

The active layer soils of Greenlandic permafrost areas can function as important sinks for volatile organic compounds

Jiao, Yi; Kramshøj, Magnus; Davie-Martin, Cleo Lisa; Elberling, Bo; Rinnan, Riikka

Permafrost is a considerable carbon reservoir harboring up to 1700 petagrams of carbon accumulated over millennia, which can be mobilized as permafrost thaws under global warming. Recent studies have highlighted that a fraction of this carbon can be transformed to atmospheric volatile organic compounds, which can affect the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. In this study, active layer soils from the seasonally unfrozen layer above the permafrost were collected from two distinct locations of the Greenlandic permafrost and incubated to explore their roles in the soil-atmosphere exchange of volatile organic compounds. Results show that these soils can actively function as sinks of these compounds, despite their different physiochemical properties. Upper active layer possessed relatively higher uptake capacities; factors including soil moisture, organic matter, and microbial biomass carbon were identified as the main factors correlating with the uptake rates. Additionally, uptake coefficients for several compounds were calculated for their potential use in future model development. Correlation analysis and the varying coefficients indicate that the sink was likely biotic. The development of a deeper active layer under climate change may enhance the sink capacity and reduce the net emissions of volatile organic compounds from permafrost thaw.

Springer Nature

2025

Critical review of the atmospheric composition observing capabilities for monitoring and forecasting

Eckman, Richard S.; Tanimoto, Hiroshi; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; Simpson, Isobel; Kazadzis, Stelios; Tørseth, Kjetil; Oda, Tomohiro; Lambert, Jean-Christopher; Houweling, Sander; Lakkala, Kaisa; Geddes, Jeffrey; Walker, John; Cooper, Owen R.; Van Weele, Michiel; Moreno, Sergi; Dulguerov, Leilani; Cui, Yuyan; Tarasova, Oksana; Turnbull, John; Thompson, Rona Louise; Zhou, Lihang

WMO

2025

Aerosol hygroscopicity influenced by seasonal chemical composition variations in the Arctic region

Kang, Hyojin; Jung, Chang Hoon; Lee, Bang Young; Krejci, Radovan; Heslin-Rees, Dominic; Aas, Wenche; Yoon, Young Jun

In this study, we quantified aerosol hygroscopicity parameter using aerosol microphysical observation data (κphy), analyzing monthly and seasonal trends in κphy by correlating it with aerosol chemical composition over 6 years from April 2007 to March 2013 at the Zeppelin Observatory in Svalbard, Arctic region. The monthly mean κphy value exhibited distinct seasonal variations, remaining high from winter to spring, reaching its minimum in summer, followed by an increase in fall, and maintaining elevated levels in winter. To verify the reliability of κphy, we employed the hygroscopicity parameter calculated from chemical composition data (κchem). The chemical composition and PM2.5 mass concentration required to calculate κchem was obtained through Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data and the calculation of κchem assumed that Arctic aerosols comprise only five species: black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), ammonium sulfate (AS), sea salt aerosol less than a diameter of 2.5 μm (SSA2.5), and dust aerosol less than a diameter of 2.5 μm (Dust2.5). The κchem had no distinct correlation but had a similar seasonal trend compared to κphy. The κchem value followed a trend of SSA2.5 and was much higher by a factor of 1.6 ± 0.3 than κphy on average, due to a large proportion of SSA2.5 mass concentration in MERRA-2 reanalysis data. This may be due to the overestimation of sea salt aerosols in MERRA-2 reanalysis. The relationship between monthly mean κphy and the chemical composition used to calculate κchem was also analyzed. The elevated κphy from October to February resulted from the dominant influence of SSA2.5, while the maximum κphy in March was concurrently influenced by increasing AS and Dust2.5 associated with long-range transport from mid-latitude regions during Arctic haze periods and by SSA mass concentration obtained from in-situ sampling, which remained high from the preceding winter. The relatively low κphy from April to September can be attributed to low SSA2.5 and the dominance of organic compounds in the Arctic summer. Either natural sources such as those of marine and terrestrial biogenic origin or long-range-transported aerosols may contribute to the increase in organic aerosols in summer, potentially influencing the reduction in κphy of atmospheric aerosols. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the monthly and seasonal variation of aerosol hygroscopicity calculated using long-term microphysical data, and this result provides evidence that changes in monthly and seasonal hygroscopicity variation occur depending on chemical composition.

Elsevier

2025

The pollution fast-track to the Arctic: how southern wintering areas contribute to organochlorine loads in a migrant seabird breeding in the Arctic

Bustnes, Jan Ove; Bårdsen, Bård-Jørgen; Moe, Børge; Herzke, Dorte; van Bemmelen, Rob S.A.; Tulp, Ingrid; Schekkerman, Hans; Hanssen, Sveinn Are

Pergamon Press

2025

2000 years of climate, environmental, and societal variability in southeastern Norway from the annually laminated sediments of Lake Sagtjernet

Ballo, Eirik Gottschalk; D’Andrea, William J.; Høeg, Helge Irgens; Loftsgarden, Kjetil; Bajard, Manon Juliette Andree; Eckhardt, Sabine; Cassiani, Massimo; Evangeliou, Nikolaos; Bakke, Jostein; Krüger, Kirstin

Elsevier

2025

Årsrapport 2024. Nasjonalt referanselaboratorium for luftkvalitetsmålinger

Marsteen, Leif; Johnsrud, Mona; Hak, Claudia; Dauge, Franck Rene; Tørnkvist, Kjersti Karlsen; Vo, Dam Thanh; Amundsen, Filip

Denne rapporten oppsummerer oppgavene til Nasjonalt referanselaboratorium for luftkvalitetsmålinger (NRL), delkontrakt 1b, for året 2024.

NILU

2025

Datarapport: Analyse av gadolinium, Komp-540, ioheksol, jod og acetat i miljøprøver. DNV-prosjekt: Overvåking utenfor Ramslandsvågen 2024

Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo; Skaar, Jøran Solnes; Davanger, Kirsten; Rostkowski, Pawel; Gundersen, Hans; Vadset, Marit; Bjørneby, Stine Marie

NILU

2025

Volatile Organic Compounds of Diverse Origins and Their Changes Associated With Cultivar Decay in a Fungus-Farming Termite

Vidkjær, Nanna Hjort; Schmidt, Suzanne; Davie-Martin, Cleo Lisa; Silué, Kolotchèlèma Simon; Koné, N'golo Abdoulaye; Rinnan, Riikka; Poulsen, Michael

Fungus-farming termites cultivate a Termitomyces fungus monoculture in enclosed gardens (combs) free of other fungi, except during colony declines, where Pseudoxylaria spp. stowaway fungi appear and take over combs. Here, we determined Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of healthy Macrotermes bellicosus nests in nature and VOC changes associated with comb decay during Pseudoxylaria takeover. We identified 443 VOCs and unique volatilomes across samples and nest volatilomes that were mainly composed of fungus comb VOCs with termite contributions. Few comb VOCs were linked to chemical changes during decay, but longipinocarvone and longiverbenone were only emitted during comb decay. These terpenes may be involved in Termitomyces defence against antagonistic fungi or in fungus-termite signalling of comb state. Both comb and Pseudoxylaria biomass volatilomes contained many VOCs with antimicrobial activity that may serve in maintaining healthy Termitomyces monocultures or aid in the antagonistic takeover by Pseudoxylaria during colony decline. We further observed a series of oxylipins with known functions in the regulation of fungus germination, growth, and secondary metabolite production. Our volatilome map of the fungus-farming termite symbiosis provides new insights into the chemistry regulating complex interactions and serves as a valuable guide for future work on the roles of VOCs in symbioses.

John Wiley & Sons

2025

MusicReco: Interactive Interface Modelling with User-Centered Design in a Music Recommendation System

Frantzvaag, Mats Ottem; Chatterjee, Ayan; Ghose, Debasish; Dash, Soumya P.

Recommendation technologies are widespread in streaming services, e-commerce, social media, news, and content management. Besides recommendation generation, its presentation is also important. Most research and development focus on the technical aspects of recommendation generation; therefore, a gap exists between recommendation generation and its effective presentation and user interaction. This study focuses on how personalized recommendations can be presented and interacted with in a music recommendation system using interactive visual interfaces. Interactive interface modeling with User-Centered Design (UCD) in a recommendation system is essential for creating a user-friendly, engaging, and personalized experience. By involving users in the recommendation process and considering their feedback, the system can deliver more relevant content, foster user trust, and improve overall user satisfaction and engagement. In this study, the visual interface design and development of a personalized music recommendation prototype (MusicReco) are presented using an iterative UCD approach, involving twenty end-users, one researcher, three academic professionals, and four experts. As the study is more inclined toward the recommendation presentation and visual modeling, we used a standard content-based filtering algorithm on the publicly available Spotify dataset for music recommendation generation. End-users helped to mature the MusicReco prototype to a basic working version through continuous feedback and design inputs on their needs, context, preferences, personalization, and effective visualization. Moreover, MusicReco captures the idea of mood-based tailored recommendations to encourage end-users. Overall, this study demonstrates how UCD can enhance the presentation and interaction of mood-based music recommendations, effectively engaging users with advancements in recommendation algorithms as a future focus.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

2025

Stress management with HRV following AI, semantic ontology, genetic algorithm and tree explainer

Chatterjee, Ayan; Riegler, Michael Alexander; Ganesh, K.; Halvorsen, Pål

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) serves as a vital marker of stress levels, with lower HRV indicating higher stress. It measures the variation in the time between heartbeats and offers insights into health. Artificial intelligence (AI) research aims to use HRV data for accurate stress level classification, aiding early detection and well-being approaches. This study’s objective is to create a semantic model of HRV features in a knowledge graph and develop an accurate, reliable, explainable, and ethical AI model for predictive HRV analysis. The SWELL-KW dataset, containing labeled HRV data for stress conditions, is examined. Various techniques like feature selection and dimensionality reduction are explored to improve classification accuracy while minimizing bias. Different machine learning (ML) algorithms, including traditional and ensemble methods, are employed for analyzing both imbalanced and balanced HRV datasets. To address imbalances, various data formats and oversampling techniques such as SMOTE and ADASYN are experimented with. Additionally, a Tree-Explainer, specifically SHAP, is used to interpret and explain the models’ classifications. The combination of genetic algorithm-based feature selection and classification using a Random Forest Classifier yields effective results for both imbalanced and balanced datasets, especially in analyzing non-linear HRV features. These optimized features play a crucial role in developing a stress management system within a Semantic framework. Introducing domain ontology enhances data representation and knowledge acquisition. The consistency and reliability of the Ontology model are assessed using Hermit reasoners, with reasoning time as a performance measure. HRV serves as a significant indicator of stress, offering insights into its correlation with mental well-being. While HRV is non-invasive, its interpretation must integrate other stress assessments for a holistic understanding of an individual’s stress response. Monitoring HRV can help evaluate stress management strategies and interventions, aiding individuals in maintaining well-being.

Nature Portfolio

2025

Inverse modeling of 137Cs during Chernobyl 2020 wildfires without the first guess

Tichý, Ondřej; Evangeliou, Nikolaos; Selivanova, Anna; Šmídl, Václav

Elsevier

2025

Climate change rivals fertilizer use in driving soil nitrous oxide emissions in the northern high latitudes: Insights from terrestrial biosphere models

Pan, Naiqing; Tian, Hanqin; Shi, Hao; Pan, Shufen; Canadell, Josep G.; Chang, Jinfeng; Ciais, Philippe; Davidson, Eric A.; Hugelius, Gustaf; Ito, Akihiko; Jackson, Robert B.; Joos, Fortunat; Lienert, Sebastian; Millet, Dylan B.; Olin, Stefan; Patra, Prabir K.; Thompson, Rona Louise; Vuichard, Nicolas; Wells, Kelley C.; Wilson, Chris; You, Yongfa; Zaehle, Sönke

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the most important stratospheric ozone-depleting agent based on current emissions and the third largest contributor to increased net radiative forcing. Increases in atmospheric N2O have been attributed primarily to enhanced soil N2O emissions. Critically, contributions from soils in the Northern High Latitudes (NHL, >50°N) remain poorly quantified despite their exposure to rapid rates of regional warming and changing hydrology due to climate change. In this study, we used an ensemble of six process-based terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) from the Global Nitrogen/Nitrous Oxide Model Intercomparison Project (NMIP) to quantify soil N2​O emissions across the NHL during 1861–2016. Factorial simulations were conducted to disentangle the contributions of key driving factors, including climate change, nitrogen inputs, land use change, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration​, to the trends in emissions. The NMIP models suggests NHL soil N2O emissions doubled from 1861 to 2016, increasing on average by 2.0 ± 1.0 Gg N/yr (p

Elsevier

2025

Measurement Report: Changes in ammonia emissions since the 18th century in south-eastern Europe inferred from an Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice-core record

Legrand, Michel; Vorobyev, Mstislav; Bokuchava, Daria; Kutuzov, Stanislav; Plach, Andreas; Stohl, Andreas; Khairedinova, Alexandra; Mikhalenko, Vladimir; Vinogradova, Maria; Eckhardt, Sabine; Preunkert, Susanne

Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a key transboundary air pollutant that contributes to the impacts of nitrogen and acidity on terrestrial ecosystems. Ammonia also contributes to the atmospheric aerosol that affects air quality. Emission inventories indicate that NH3 was predominantly emitted by agriculture over the 19th and 20th centuries but, up to now, these estimates have not been compared to long-term observations. To document past atmospheric NH3 pollution in south-eastern Europe, ammonium (NH) was analysed along an ice core extracted from Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, Russia. The NH ice-core record indicates a 3.5-fold increase in concentrations between 1750 and 1990 CE. Remaining moderate prior to 1950 CE, the increase then accelerated to reach a maximum in 1989 CE. Comparison between ice-core trends and estimated past emissions using state-of-the-art atmospheric transport modelling of submicron-scale aerosols (FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion) model) indicates good agreement with the course of estimated NH3 emissions from south-eastern Europe since ∼ 1750 CE, with the main contributions from south European Russia, Türkiye, Georgia, and Ukraine. Examination of ice deposited prior to 1850 CE, when agricultural activities remained limited, suggests an NH ice concentration related to natural soil emissions representing ∼ 20 % of the 1980–2009 CE NH level, a level mainly related to current agricultural emissions that almost completely outweigh biogenic emissions from natural soil. These findings on historical NH3 emission trends represent a significant contribution to the understanding of ammonia emissions in Europe over the last 250 years.

2025

Methane in Svalbard (SvalGaSess)

Hodson, Andrew; Kleber, Gabrielle Emma; Platt, Stephen Matthew; Kalenitchenko, Dimitri Stanislas Desire; Hengsens, Geert; Irvine-Fynn, Tristram; Senger, Kim; Tveit, Alexander Tøsdal; Øvreås, Lise; ten Hietbrink, Sophie; Hollander, Jamie; Ammerlaan, Fenna; Damm, Ellen; Römer, Miriam; Fransson, Agneta; Chierici, Melissa; Delpech, Lisa-Marie; Pirk, Norbert; Sen, Arunima; Redecker, Kelly

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas whose emission into the atmosphere from Arctic environments is increasing in response to climate change. At present, the increase in atmospheric methane concentrations recorded at Ny-Ålesund and globally threatens the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to 2 degrees, preferably 1.5 degrees, by increasing the need for abatements. However, our understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes that control methane in the Arctic are strongly biased towards just a few lowland sites that are not at all like Svalbard and other similar mountainous, ice-covered regions. Svalbard can therefore be used to better understand these locations. Svalbard’s methane stocks include vast reserves of ancient, geogenic methane trapped beneath glaciers and permafrost. This methane supplements the younger, microbial methane mostly produced in waterlogged soils and wetlands during the summer and early winter. Knowledge about the production, removal and migration of these two methane sources in Svalbard’s complex landscapes and coastal environments has grown rapidly in recent years. However, the need to exploit this knowledge to produce reliable estimates of present-day and future emissions of methane from across the Svalbard landscape is now paramount. This is because understanding these quantities is absolutely necessary when we seek to define how society must adjust in order to better manage greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere

2025

Publication
Year
Category