Found 412 publications. Showing page 7 of 18:
The health risk related to exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter - PM2.5, ozone - O3, and nitrogen dioxide - NO2) in 2019 was estimated in terms of number of premature deaths and years of life lost related to exposure to for 41 European countries, including the 27 EU Member States. In 2019, air pollution continued to drive a significant burden of premature death and disease in the 41 countries reporting to EEA: 373,000 premature deaths were attributed to chronic exposure to PM2.5; 47,700 premature deaths were attributed to chronic NO2 exposure; 19,070 premature deaths were attributed to acute O3 exposure. The analysis on the EU’s progress to reach the 2030 target established in the Zero Pollution Action Plan shows a steady decrease in the number of premature deaths along the years, and if it continues to fall at a comparable rate in the future, then the target would be achieved by 2032. Had the new WHO air quality guideline level for PM2.5 of 5 µg/m3 been attained already in 2019 everywhere in Europe, the number of estimated premature deaths would have been at least 58 % lower. On the other hand, the attainment of the EU limit value for PM2.5 of 25 µg/m3 would have left the estimated number of premature deaths unchanged in EU-27.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Lørenskog kommune
NILU – Norsk institutt for luftforskning har, i samarbeid med Transportanalyse AS, utarbeidet en tiltaksutredning for bedre luftkvalitet i Lørenskog. Utredningen er gjennomført på oppdrag av Lørenskog kommune. Tiltaksutredningen omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten i Lørenskog kommune ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO2 for Dagens situasjon 2019 og Referansesituasjonen 2030 med eksisterende og eventuelle nye tiltak. Basert på resultatene fra beregningene og i samarbeid med oppdragsgiver og referansegruppen, er det foreslått en revidert handlings- og beredskapsplan som skal behandles politisk.
NILU
2023
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual Report 2020.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: In Oslo/Kjeller, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that, the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. 2020 was characterized by a strong, cold, and persistent Arctic stratospheric vortex, leading to extensive formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs, mother-of-pearl clouds) and chemical ozone destruction with very low ozone values and high UV levels in the exposed regions in the spring.
NILU
2021
Hazard and exposure assessment of do-it-yourself products forimpregnation
A large number of do-it-yourself impregnation products are marketed to Danish consumers. The products are typically used for re-impregnation of consumer products (e.g. footware and outdoor clothing) immediately after the products have been purchased or when the water and/or dirt-repellent effect begins to diminish.
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency has chosen to make a survey of the market, where 110 do-it-yourself impregnation products were identified within ten different application categories. Out of these products, 14 were included in initial chemical content analyzes, as well as hazard and exposure analyzes. The main components in the majority of the products were saturated hydrocarbons, but some of the products also contained oxygen-containing solvents (e.g. alcohols, ethers, esters or ketones). The potential hazard of 12 of the 14 selected impregnation spray products was performed by measuring acute respiratory toxicity. Of the 12 products tested, 10 inhibited the function of the lung surfactant and may therefore potentially be harmful by inhalation.
On the basis of this study, it could not be demonstrated that the products with PFAS resulted in an inhibition of the lung surfactant at lower doses as compared to products without PFAS; in fact, the lowest inhibitory doses were seen for impregnating agents based on siloxanes/silicones. The results show that the hazardous properties of an impregnation product cannot be determined solely on the basis of the ingredients, and it is therefore necessary to examine the ability of the individual products to inhibit the lung surfactant in connection with a hazard assessment.
Danish Environmental Protection Agency
2023
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at remote Arctic sites
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are widely used chemicals with high emissions to the atmosphere due to their volatility. They are found in the Arctic atmosphere, indicating potential for long-range transport. This study examined the potential for deposition of cVMS (D4, D5, D6) to surface media via snow in Arctic regions. Results showed low cVMS levels in vegetation, soil, sediment, and marine biota. D4 was detected above detection limits but generally below quantification limits, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. This aligns with current research, suggesting negligible cVMS input from atmospheric deposition via snow and snow melt.
NILU
2025
Reviderte beregninger av luftkvalitet ved Bjørnheimveien 26
NILU har blitt engasjert av Prem Partners II A/S for å vurdere utbredelse av luftsoner for dagens situasjon og en framtidig situasjon med foreslått boligblokk i Bjørnheimveien 26. Det er anvendt en Gaussisk spredningsmodell for linjekilder (Hiway-2). Når det tas hensyn til lokal topografi ved det aktuelle området, viser beregningene at den nye bygningen i hovedsak faller utenfor rød luftsone på bakkenivå, med unntak av det sørøstre hjørnet av bygningen som beregningene indikerer at ligger innenfor. Videre viser beregningene at skjermingseffekten for eksisterende bebyggelse av en ny bygning er marginal. Rapporten er en revisjon av NILU-rapport 15/2021.
NILU
2024
Environmental pollutants in the terrestrial and urban environment 2019
Samples from the urban terrestrial environment in the Oslo area were analysed for various inorganic and organic environmental pollutants. The selected species were earthworm, fieldfare, sparrowhawk, brown rat, red fox and tawny owl. Air- and soil-samples were also included in the study to further the understanding on sources and uptake of pollutants. A foodchain approach was used to investigate trophic magnification of the different compounds.
NILU
2020
2021
Environmental Contaminants in an Urban Fjord, 2022
This report presents data from the second year of a new 5-year period of the Urban Fjord programme. The programme started in 2013 and has since been altered/advanced. In 2022 the programme covers sampling and analyses of sediment, polychaetes, krill, shrimps, blue mussels, herring, cod, eider, and herring gull from the Inner Oslofjord. In addition, samples of Harbour seals from the Outer Oslofjord are analysed. A total of ~300 single compounds/isomers were analysed, and frequent detection was found of certain PFAS compounds (such as PFOS) in most matrices, certain QACs in sediment, MCCPs in most matrices (also SCCPs in birds and seals, as well as LCCPs in seals), D5 (siloxane) in all matrices, certain PBDEs (such as BDE 100) in most matrices, PCBs in all matrices, BCPS (phenolic) in seals and certain metals in all matrices. Biomagnification was observed for 28 PCB congeners and 6 PBDEs (lipid wt. basis). Furthermore, biomagnification was observed for 5 PFAS compounds, as well as for the metals As, Ag and Hg (wet wt. basis).
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2023
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2020, using validated and up-to-date data
This report presents summarized information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2020, based on up-to date (i.e. prior to final quality control) and validated air quality monitoring data reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at giving more timely and preliminary information on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2020 for five key air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2). The report also gives a preliminary assessment of the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health and the World Health Organization air quality guidelines, and compares the air quality status in 2020 with the previous three years. The preliminary data reported for 2020 shows that more than 10% of the monitoring stations exceeded the EU standards for PM10 and O3 and the WHO guidelines for PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2 in the EU-27 and UK. Exceedances of the NO2 limit value and WHO guideline still occur in 9 countries of the EU-27 and the UK.
ETC/ATNI
2021
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation: Annual report 2017.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: in Oslo, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. There are large inter-annual variations and in 2017 there were relatively low values at all the three Norwegian stations during the winter. However, the ozone situation normalized towards the end of spring.
NILU
2018
Status report of air quality in Europe for year 2023, using validated data
This report presents summarised information on the status of air quality in Europe in 2023, based on validated air quality monitoring data officially reported by the member and cooperating countries of the EEA. It aims at informing on the status of ambient air quality in Europe in 2023 and on the progress towards meeting the European air quality standards for the protection of health, as well as the WHO air quality guidelines. The report also compares the air quality status in 2023 with the previous years. The pollutants covered in this report are particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), tropospheric ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and toxic metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb). Measured concentrations above the European air quality standards for PM10, PM2.5, O3, and NO2 were reported by 18, 6, 20, and 9 reporting countries for 2022, respectively. Exceedances of the air quality standards for BaP, SO2, CO, and benzene were measured in, respectively, 9, 2, 2, and 0 reporting countries in 2023. Exceedances of European standards for toxic metals were reported by 5 stations for As, none for Cd, 1 for Pb and 2 for Ni.
ETC/HE
2025
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and aerosols at Svalbard and Birkenes in 2018. Annual report.
The report summaries the activities and results of the greenhouse gas monitoring at the Zeppelin Observatory situated on Svalbard in Arctic Norway during the period 2001-2018, and the greenhouse gas monitoring and aerosol observations from Birkenes for 2009-2018.
NILU
2019
Utslipp og spredning av Radon-220 fra Oncoinvent, Nydalen. Underlag for utslippssøknad.
NILU har studert og vurdert utslipp til luft av radon-220 fra Oncoinvent AS i Nydalen i Oslo. Studien danner underlag for utslippssøknad. Årlig omsøkt utslipp er 70 GBq. Det største bidraget til dose/eksponering kommer fra thorondøtrene, ikke fra thoron selv. Lokale spredningsberegninger med CONCX viser at ved sterk østlig vind kan røykfanen slå ned på takterrassen på bygget hvor Oncoinvent AS har sine produksjonslokaler. Beregnet årlig dose/eksponering fra utslipp fra Oncoinvent for en person som oppholder seg 520 timer årlig på terrassen er 0,7 µSv. Beregninger med FLEXPART-wrf for et 38×20 km2 modellområde viser størst aktivitetskonsentrasjon mot nordøst og mot sørvest, det vil si nedstrøms i fremherskende vindretning. Største dose beregnes ved utslippspunktet (1 nSv time-1) og ved takterrassen.
NILU
2022
2023
Monitoring of the atmospheric ozone layer and natural ultraviolet radiation. Annual Report 2022.
This report summarizes the results from the Norwegian monitoring programme on stratospheric ozone and UV radiation measurements. The ozone layer has been measured at three locations since 1979: In Oslo/Kjeller, Tromsø/Andøya and Ny-Ålesund. The UV-measurements started in 1995. The results show that there was a significant decrease in stratospheric ozone above Norway between 1979 and 1997. After that, the ozone layer stabilized at a level ~2% below pre-1980 level. The year 2022 was characterized by annual average total ozone values slightly below “normal”.
NILU
2023
NILU og Transportøkonomisk institutt (TØI) har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet videreutviklet modellen NERVE («Norwegian Emissions from Road Vehicle Exhaust») for beregning av klimagassutslipp fra veitrafikken i norske kommuner. NERVE-modellen anvender de mest detaljerte datasettene for bilpark, utslippsfaktorer, trafikk og veier for spesifikke lokale forhold. Datasettene er kombinert i en datastruktur som gjør at resultat kan aggregeres på et lite eller et stort geografisk område. NERVE kan således betegnes som en «bottom-up»-utslippsmodell, fordi den er bygget opp «nedenfra» fra detaljerte datakilder. Denne rapporten presenterer metodikken og antagelsene bak beregningene med NERVE, og sammenligner resultat aggregert på nasjonalt nivå med annen tilgjengelig nasjonal statistikk.
NILU
2024
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM)
2019
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in freshwater food webs (MILFERSK) 2022
Samples of a benthic food chain in Lake Mjøsa have been collected, and the concentrations of emerging contaminants such as
Siloxanes, PFAS, UV-compounds, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Musks, Benzothiazoles and Chlorinated paraffins in
addition to legacy contaminants such as Mercury, other Metals and PBDEs have been determined. For comparison, samples of
the top predator brown trout have been collected and analysed from Lake Femunden, a rural counterpart to the more urban
Lake Mjøsa.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2023
The Screening Programme 2021 was carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) and NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The spotlight was placed on the occurrence and possible environmental problems of 218 chemicals. The selected substances may be included in numerous products and their usage patterns are not easily defined so an array of different locations and sample-types were investigated. The total number of results exceeds 26 000. Results are can be downloaded from the database Vannmiljø.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2022
Investigating snow deposition of cyclic siloxanes in an Arctic environment
cVMS are high production volume chemicals that are used for a wide range of industrial and domestic applications. Given the high volatility of cVMS, emissions occur mainly to the atmosphere, and cVMS are present in the Arctic atmosphere, e.g. at the Zeppelin Observatory near Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, suggesting potential for long-range atmospheric transport. A study to investigate whether cVMS have the potential to deposit to surface media, and thereby represent a potential risk to the terrestrial or marine environment in polar and Arctic regions was carried out. Overall, cVMS levels in samples of vegetation, soil, sediment and marine biota were low. D4 was detected in most samples at concentrations above LOD, but below LOQ, while D5 and D6 were generally not detected. The low cVMS concentrations in soil, vegetation, sediments, and fish are in line with most current research on cVMS in remote regions, which together suggest that input of cVMS from atmospheric deposition and snow melt is likely not a major contributing source.
NILU
2024
Screening Programme 2017 – AMAP Assessment Compounds
This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic.
NILU
2018