Found 412 publications. Showing page 17 of 18:
Grenseområdene Norge-Russland. Luft- og nedbørkvalitet 2020.
Smelteverkene i nordvest-Russland slapp ut store mengder svoveldioksid (SO2) og tungmetaller. Utslippene påvirket luft- og nedbørkvalitet i grenseområdene. Miljøovervåkingen viser at grenseverdier for SO2 er overholdt i kalenderåret 2020, samt for vinter 2019/20. Smelteverket i Nikel stengte ned 23. desember 2020 og dette er ventet å gi stor nedgang i
forurensningen i grenseområdene. Målsettingsverdier for Ni, As og Cd er overholdt.
NILU
2021
Content and migration of chemical additives from plastic products
NILU has, on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency, performed chemical analyses of a selection of additives in plastic products. The goal was to identify content and migration of the chemical additives in and from the products to air and surfaces of the products at room temperature. The plastic products covered extension cord, sockets, flooring, wall papers, upholstery, PC-mouse and PCs. Targeted chemicals were organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including TBBPA, and chlorinated substances. TPHP (triphenyl phosphate) was detected in most sample types, but the highest concentrations were found for TBEP (tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate. The highest number of compounds were detected in the PC-mouses and high levels were also found in the surface wipes on PC-mouses. None of the targeted compounds were detected in the air samples.
NILU
2022
Grenseområdene Norge-Russland. Luft- og nedbørkvalitet, årsrapport 2017.
Smelteverkene i NV-Russland slipper ut store mengder svoveldioksid (SO2) og tungmetaller. Utslippene påvirker luft- og nedbørkvalitet i grenseområdene. Miljøovervåkingen viser at grenseverdier for SO2 er overholdt i kalenderåret
2017, samt sesongmiddel vinter 2016/17. Målsettingsverdier for Ni og As er overholdt.
NILU
2018
Europe's urban air quality — re-assessing implementation challenges in cities
This report analyses the implementation of EU air quality legislation at the urban level and identifies some of the reasons behind persistent air quality problems in Europe's cities. It is produced in cooperation with 10 cities involved in a 2013 Air Implementation Pilot project: Antwerp (Belgium), Berlin (Germany), Dublin (Ireland), Madrid (Spain), Malmö (Sweden), Milan (Italy), Paris (France), Plovdiv (Bulgaria), Prague (Czechia) and Vienna (Austria).
European Environment Agency
2019
Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components
Meteorologisk institutt
2020
Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2020.
Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter og nye som kan komme til Norge i nær framtid. I denne rapporten presenteres resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i Norge i 2020 og trender over tid.
I den landsrepresentative skogovervåkingen har kronetettheten hos gran og furu holdt seg stabil i 2020 sammenlignet med tidligere år. Det ble registrert lite misfarging hos bartrærne.
Skadenivået hos både bartrær, bjørk og andre løvtrær var lavere enn i 2019. Abiotiske faktorer med snø, vind og tørke som de viktigste årsakene dominerte skadebildet hos alle treslag.
Kjemiske analyser av luft og nedbør i den intensive skogovervåkingen viser at det fortsatt er høyest verdier av antropogene svovel- og nitrogenforbindelser på den sørligste overvåkingsflata i Birkenes grunnet langtransportert forurensing. Den høyeste konsentrasjonen av nitrogendioksid i luft ble målt på stasjonen i Hurdal i 2020, noe som skyldes utslipp fra veitrafikken i regionen. Det var lave nivåer av bakkenært ozon i Norge i 2020 og ingen overskridelser av UNECEs grenseverdi på 5000 ppb-timer for skog. Vegetasjonsanalysene fra Hurdal har påvist en endring i bunn-vegetasjonens artssammensetning grunnet økt lystilgang og mye barnålstrø. Både hogst utenfor overvåkingsflata og flere skrantende, råteangrepne og døde grantrær i flata har bidratt til økt lystilgang og til større strømengde på bakken. Mange grantrær på flata i Hurdal er sterkt preget av råte med lav kronetetthet og mye misfarging. Flere trær på flata har dødd de seinere årene som følge av råteskader, ofte i kombinasjon med andre faktorer som vindfelling og skader etter tørken i 2018 med påfølgende barkbilleangrep.
Overvåking av bjørkemålere har vist at fjellbjørkeskogen både i Nord-Norge og fjellregionene i sørlige halvdel av landet har vært utsatt for betydelige utbrudd av bjørkemålere i løpet av perioden 2012–2018. Overvåkingsdata fra 2019 og 2020 tyder imidlertid på at målerbestandene nå er lave eller i sterk tilbakegang i det meste av landet. I Troms har målerbestandene allerede nådd et bunnpunkt, og bestandene er nedadgående også i fjellet i Sør-Norge. Vi forventer derfor at skogen i mesteparten av Norge vil bli mindre utsatt for angrep av bjørkemålere de neste par årene.
De fleste fylkene hadde en økning i fangstverdiene i barkbilleovervåkingen i 2020-sesongen. Alle fangstverdiene var imidlertid under 10 000 biller per felle, mens de høyeste verdiene ved slutten av utbruddet på 1970-tallet var rundt 25 000 biller per felle. Fylkene rundt Oslofjorden hadde noen lokale tilfeller av tørke- og barkbilleskader. Det ble ikke funnet noen tydelig økning av fellefangstene i tiden for en annen generasjon, men modellberegninger viser at stor granbarkbille har nok døgngrader til å gjennomføre to generasjoner før overvintring.
I august 2020 ble soppen Diplodia sapinea funnet på sterkt skadet vrifuru i Ås kommune. Tidligere har det blitt gjort noen få funn av soppen på andre bartrearter i det samme området. D. sapinea er vanlig i varmere strøk på flere kontinenter, spesielt på furuarter. De pågående klima-endringene har trolig bidratt til at soppen har kunnet spre og etablere seg mot nord, men vi kan heller ikke utelukke innførsel av soppen via plantemateriale til bruk i grøntanlegg eller skog. D. sapinea er trolig bare i etableringsfasen i Norge, og har til dags dato gjort liten skade på våre stedegne bartrær.....
NIBIO
2021
Recently, chlorinated paraffins with carbon chain lengths in the range C14–17 and chlorination levels at or exceeding 45 per cent chlorine by weight have been proposed for listing under the Stockholm Convention. To aid the process of determining the identification of sum polychlorinated alkanes ΣPCAs C14-17 under the regulation (i.e. number of chlorines), there is a need for data from environmental samples that specifies the homologue group profiles, not just ΣPCAs.
In this report we present data on PCAs with a focus on ΣPCAs C14-17 from the Norwegian Environment Agency’s monitoring programmes in more detail than available in the programmes reports, focusing on homologue group patterns and chlorination degree. The programmes are i) Environmental pollutants in the terrestrial and urban environment ii) Atmospheric contaminants iii) Environmental contaminants in an urban fjord. Data presented are from the 2022 (Halvorsen et al., 2023; Heimstad et al., 2023; Ruus, 2023) and 2023 (reports in prep) programmes.
NILU
2024
Screening new PFAS compounds 2018
This screening project has focused on the occurrence of conventional and emerging PFASs in terrestrial and marine environments, including the Arctic. Conventional PFASs were found to be wide-spread in the environment and for the first time in Norway reported in wolf, a top predator from the terrestrial environment. Otters living in close proximity to human settlements and preying on the marine food chain, are heavily contaminated with PFASs. Areas where ski-testing activities are common are a potential “hotspot” where PFASs can enter the food chain. The difference in PFAS-profile between the samples indicates that the diversity in samples are necessary to reveal the complete picture of PFASs in the environment.
NILU
2019
The 2023 Screening Programme aimed to investigate the presence of emerging environmental concerning substances 1) at so-called “hot spot” locations, and 2) in marine top predators. Part 1 covered emerging substances that were considered for EU regulation; persistent, mobile and toxic; identified as problematic (Sweden); and UV-stabilizers. Sampling sites were a wastewater treatment plant, indoor dust, agricultural soils, and consumer products. Part 2 covered substances found in the 2021 Screening Programme as well as selected through the LIfeAPEX project. Additionally, in part 2, several classical legacy contaminants were included. A unique sample set was assembled with different types of tissue from whales (killer whale, sperm whale, fin whale, humpback whale, white beaked dolphin, and harbor porpoise) and sharks (greenland shark, porbeagle shark, and spiny dogfish). Highlights from the results in part 1 covered a high detection frequency and concentrations of one phthalate (CAS 6422-86-2) and two UV-stabilizers (CAS 154702-15-5 and 103597-45-1). In part 2, only a small number of the emerging substances were identified, while many of the legacy substances were found at high levels.
Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA)
2024
Review of methods that can be used in the assessment of atmospheric deposition
There are three main approaches for estimating the atmospheric deposition: 1) From measurements of air and precipitation chemistry combined with statistical interpolation, 2) Chemical transport models, 3) Combined observations and atmospheric model calculations. This report reviews these different approaches and come with some general recommendations on the different strategies and the way forward for Poland.
The report was made for the project "Strengthening of atmospheric deposition assessment in Poland based on Norwegian experience" under the program "Environment, Energy and Climate Change", financed by the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism 2014-2021".
NILU
2023
This report gives an overview of annual statistics and results from the monitoring programme of ozone in EMEP 2022.
NILU
2024
This report documents the EMEP VOC monitoring carried out in 2022. The levels of the measured in 2022 are presented as well as the 2022-status and history of the VOC programme. The geographical pattern of the species in Europe is discussed as well as the long-term trend during the last 20 years.
NILU
2024
Grenseområdene Norge-Russland. Luft- og nedbørkvalitet, årsrapport 2018.
Smelteverkene i NV-Russland slipper ut store mengder svoveldioksid (SO2) og tungmetaller. Utslippene påvirker luft- og nedbørkvalitet i grenseområdene. Miljøovervåkingen viser at grenseverdier for SO2 er overholdt i kalenderåret 2018, samt sesongmiddel vinter 2017/18. Målsettingsverdier for Ni og As er overholdt.
NILU
2019
FAIRMODE Guidance Document on Modelling Quality Objectives and Benchmarking. Version 3.3.
The development of the procedure for air quality model benchmarking in the context of the Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC (AQD) has been an on-going activity in the context of the FAIRMODE community, chaired by the JRC. A central part of the studies was the definition of proper modelling quality indicators and criteria to be fulfilled in order to allow sufficient level of quality for a given model application under the AQD. The focus initially on applications related to air quality assessment has gradually been expanded to other applications, such as forecasting and planning. The main purpose of this Guidance Document is to explain and summarise the current concepts of the modelling quality objective methodology, elaborated in various papers and documents in the FAIRMODE community, addressing model applications for air quality assessment and forecast. Other goals of the Document are linked to presentation and explanation of templates for harmonised reporting of modelling results. Giving an overview of still open issues in the implementation of the presented methodology, the document aims at triggering further research and discussions. A core set of statistical indicators is defined using pairs of measurement-modelled data. The core set is the basis for the definition of a modelling quality indicator (MQI) and additional modelling performance indicators (MPI), which take into account the measurement uncertainty. The MQI describes the discrepancy between measurements and modelling results (linked to RMSE), normalised by measurement uncertainty and a scaling factor. The modelling quality objective (MQO) requires MQI to be less than or equal to 1. With an arbitrary selection of the scaling factor of 2, the fulfilment of the MQO means that the allowed deviation between modelled and measured concentrations is twice the measurement uncertainty. Expressions for the MQI calculation based on time series and yearly data are introduced. MPI refer to aspects of correlation, bias and standard deviation, applied to both the spatial and temporal dimensions. Similarly to the MQO for the MQI, modelling performance criteria (MPC) are defined for the MPI; they are necessary, but not sufficient criteria to determine whether the MQO is fulfilled. The MQO is required to be fulfilled at 90% of the stations, a criterion which is implicitly taken into account in the derivation of the MQI. The associated modelling uncertainty is formulated, showing that in case of MQO fulfilment the modelling uncertainty must not exceed 1.75 times the measurement one (with the scaling factor fixed to 2). A reporting template is presented and explained for hourly and yearly average data. In both cases there is a diagram and a table with summary statistics. In a separate section open issues are discussed and an overview of related publications and tools is provided. Finally, a chapter on modelling quality objectives for forecast models is introduced. In Annex 1, we discuss the measurement uncertainty which is expressed in terms of concentration and its associated uncertainty. The methodology for estimating the measurement uncertainty is overviewed and the parameters for its calculation for PM, NO2 and O3 are provided. An expression for the associated modelling uncertainty is also given. This aim of this document is to support modelling groups, local, regional and national authorities in their modelling application, in the context of air quality policy.
Publications Office for the European Union
2022
Information on the origin of pollution is an essential element of air quality management that helps identifying measures to control air pollution. In this document, we review the most widely used source-apportionment (SA) methods for air quality management. The focus is on particulate matter but examples are provided for NO2 as well. Using simple theoretical examples, we explain the differences between these methods and the circumstances where they give different results and thus possibly different conclusions for air quality management. These differences are a consequence of the assumptions that underpin each methodology and determine/limit their range of applicability. We show that ignoring these underlying assumptions is a risk for efficient/successful air quality management when the methods are used outside their scope or range of applicability.
Publications Office for the European Union
2022
Best practices for local and regional air quality management. Version 1.
FAIRMODE is the Forum for Air Quality Modeling created for exchanging experience and results from air quality modeling in the context of the Air Quality Directives (AQD) and for promoting the use of modeling for air quality assessment and management. FAIRMODE is organized in different activities and task, called cross-cutting tasks, to which representative of Member States and experts participate. Among the different activities, one is devoted to Air Quality management practices, called cross-cutting task 5 (CT5). This report is indeed based on the last activities of the FAIRMODE Cross Cutting Task 5 (CT5), focusing, in particular, on elaborating recommendations to support local, regional and national authorities in the use of modelling for the development of air quality plans, defining on how to quantify emission changes associated to a set of measures, and quantifying their impacts in terms of concentration (using an ‘impact pathway approach’ from ‘abatement measure’ to ‘emissions’ to ‘concentrations’). This is done on one side taking advantage of the results already produced by previous FAIRMODE working groups and in coordination with existing activities under other FAIRMODE CTs. On the other side, examples of best practice policies are presented, focusing on Low emission zones: with an example on Antwerp and Copenhagen, Measures on non-exhaust traffic to reduce PM, with an application on Stockholm. How to reduce ozone concentrations, with a focus on local to global contributions. How to build an air quality plan in an integrated way, with an application on Italy. How to evaluate the socio-economic impact of measures, focusing on a case study on UK. The results show how different pollutants should be tackled differently, the importance of integration among different sectoral plans (on emissions, greenhouse gases mitigation, …) and also how other dimensions of the problem (i.e. social aspects) should be considered when building air quality plans.
Publications Office for the European Union
2022
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in air and precipitation. Annual report 2023
This report presents air monitoring data from 2023 for the Norwegian monitoring programme "Atmospheric contaminants". The results covers 16 groups comprising of 260 organic compounds (regulated and non-regulated) as well as 14 heavy metals, and a selection of organic chemicals of concern.
NILU
2024
Monitoring of environmental contaminants in air and precipitation. Annual report 2019.
This report presents environmental monitoring data from 2019 and time-trends for the Norwegian programme for Long-range atmospheric transported contaminants. The results cover 200 organic compounds (regulated and non-regulated), 11 heavy metals, and organic chemicals of potential Arctic concern.
NILU
2020
Revidert tiltaksutredning for lokal luftkvalitet i Bergen
Tiltaksutredningen for lokal luftkvalitet i Bergen med handlings- og beredskapsplan skal bidra til at forurensningsnivået holder seg innenfor kravene i forurensningsforskriften. Tiltaksutredningen omfatter en kartlegging av luftkvaliteten i Bergen kommune ved trafikkberegninger og utslipps- og spredningsberegninger for PM10, PM2,5 og NO 2 for Dagens situasjon 2019 og Referansesituasjonen 2030 med eksisterende og eventuelle nye tiltak. Utredningen vurderer effekten som tiltakene har for å overholde krav, men ser også på muligheten for ytterligere reduksjon i henhold til anbefalingene til helsemyndighetene. Basert på resultatene fra beregningene og i samarbeid med oppdragsgiver og referansegruppen, er det foreslått en revidert handlings- og beredskapsplan som skal behandles politisk.
NILU
2022